Billabong Business Report

Billabong transmission line ReportBillabong was formal in Queensland as a private comp whatsoever in 1973. In 2000 it was listed on the Australian carnation Exchange (ASX), becoming a in the macrocosm eye(predicate) company with shargonholders. Over the years it has established operations across 4 continents with distri exception to over 60 countries worldwide. Billabong has firmly established its brand at home and abroad with its focus on innovative yet intentionful outputs. Acquisitions of many other brands such as Von Zipper, Element, Nixon and Honolua have helped the club diversify their result slog. The Company has managed to remain competitive in a receding world-wide economy in the past year aided by pixilated growth gross sales events in the europium and Australasian sectors. Billabong employs over 1750 staff world-wide and has a strong commitment to all their stakeholders in terms of justness and governance. (Cory, 2008, website)IntroductionFounded on A ustralias Gold Coast in 1973 by surf circuit witer and surfboard shaper Gordon and Rena Merchant, Billabong has since established itself as a prominent Australian icon. The Company sprang from humble beginnings, with the couple designing boardshorts in their flat peremptory Burleigh Heads, cutting them out on the kitchen table and then carting the spotless intersection point around to the local surf shop to sell. Gordons no frills, pragmatic approach to boardshort manufacturing paid dividends, as Billabong grew steadily until his little homespun grinder literally burst at the seams. (Pacificshop, 2006, website) From those inauspicious early days the Company has grown rapidly to become a in public listed worldwide company. Today, Billabongs stub stemma is the design, production, marketing, distribution, wholesaling and retailing (through shops and agencies owned by the Company) of surf, skate and skiing outfit accessories and eyewear. This report is an analysis of Billabon g world-wides business framework.Business Model and Organisational FrameworkBy the 1980s, Billabong had firmly cemented its place in Australian surf culture and was international expansion was in its sights. The Companys first international operation was established in the USA in 1983, followed by New Zealand in 1985 and atomic number 63 in 1987. A range of other international operations were established in subsequent years, with Japan opening in 2000 and Brazil in 2001.through and through the 1990s the surf industry grew exponentially and professional surfing gained a bargon-assedfound respectability. The Company overly followed its core nodes into other boardsports markets, including skate and s forthwith, where it replicated its prove business model. By the close of the decade, Billabong had been restructured to capitalise on the growing world(a) opportunities in all boardsports sectors.The restructure set the foundation for an initial public offering in Australia in mid 20 00. The move saw the Companys shares publicly listed on the Australian Stock Exchange in August of that year. concisely after the public float the Company demonstrated its growth plans with a number of acquisitions including Von Zipper sunglasses brand and the emerging Element Skateboards brand.The productive integration of those businesses saw the Company add to its stable of brands in side by side(p) years, with Honolua Surf Company acquired in January 2004, Kustom footwear and Palmers Surf in folk 2004, a controlling interest in the beach culture airport-retail business in November 2005 and Nixon watches and accessories in January 2006. Other businesses were also established, including the Element footwear range, the California-based Beachworks retail business and various branded concept stores around the world. (Global Village Partnerships, 2009, website)Business Mission/VisionBillabong world-wides values remain consistent with its foundation objectives, which embroila comm itment to brand protection and enhancementthe manufacture of design-relevant and usable productsmarketing in the core boardsports channels such as sponsorship of events and athletes, as well as advertising in selected print mediato expand into new geographical marketsto expand the product range, particularly in the core board sports and youth fashion marketsthe professional development of staff and ongoing customer service and relationshipsand to deliver returns to shareholdersLeadershipGordon Merchant has consistently had a active role in the designing, marketing and sales of for the Company and brand. He presently sits on the board of directors along with Derek OHYPERLINK javascriptHYPERLINK javascriptNeill the CEO, and Paul Naude the Executive Director. The other board members consist ofTed KunkelMargaret Jackson ACAllan McDonaldColette PaullTony Froggatt(Billabongcorporate, 2009, website)Financial PositionAccording to Billabongs rich year financial report, the Companys shek els for the year ended31st June 2009 was $160.2 million. This was down 9.2% from the same full stop last year. This is largely in line with the decline in the orbicular stinting activity over the past year. The decrease in sack up profit meant that earnings per share was also down 11.2%.Although net profit decreased, there was a rise in sales revenue. This was largely collectible to new acquisitions made by the Company and the adverse movement of the Australian sawbuck against other major currencies such as the US dollar and the Euro.Operations in North the States felt the heaviest reach from the stinting slowdown. However, this was offset by strong sales growth is the South America sector. Europe was the star performer, with an almost 24% increase in sales revenue. Australasia also managed sales revenue gains of almost 8%, largely helped by the resilience of the Australian retail market and supported by the governments economic stimulus packages.Given the lack of retailer confidence, the steep slowdown in consumer spending in various world(prenominal) economies and the extreme volatility in diversify rates, the Company has performed reasonably well. The forecast for the coming year seems to be conservative in light of the current uncertainty of the global economy. Europe and Australasia are predicted to remain stable, and despite the initial reduction of forward orders in the US, there are promising signs of a recovery. (ONeill D, 2009, website)Human Resources and Stakeholder ManagementBillabong internationalist has a divers(a) group of stakeholders that both influence and are wedge by the operations of the Company. These include employees, shareholders, business associates, athletes, providers, opinion leaders and customers.Billabong International employs over of 1750 staff worldwide, with the greatest concentration of staff in Californias orange tree County, Australias Gold Coast and Hossegor in France. Employees are the main stakeholders in a ny company and building and maintaining relationships with employees is vital to maintaining effective relationships with business partners, customers and the community.Staff are encouraged to expand their skills and potential, and have access to and receive support for win training and to experience opportunities. Programs for managers to develop vital skills with an emphasis on innovation, planning, leaders and teamwork are a focus of the business. The Company also has guidelines and policies for remuneration to ascertain a fair approach to rewarding employees. The Company also has a consultative committee comprising staff representatives and senior managers to dissertate issues and consider improvements to the workplace.Billabong International is also committed to conducting business in an ethical and socially prudent manner. This is defined in employee work agreements that effectively form a tag of ethics that governs acceptable workplace practices. The Companys corporate g overnance policy states that the fear of all environmental, social and health and safety issues is to be the responsibility of the table of Directors.As a public company listed on the Australian Stock Exchange Billabong International is required by law to hold an one-year General Meeting of shareholders to discuss the Companys business. The Company also addresses shareholders at least twice a year to update trading conditions and provide a forward business outlook.The Company also consistently interacts with stakeholders through the re-create of events around the world. These range from the elite World Championship Tour professional surfing contests, through to professional skate and snow competitions and a range of junior and amateur surf, skate and snow events.At a supplier level, the Company undertakes regular factory visits to conduct audits. During these audits, workers from the shop floor are randomly selected for interviews to help understand workplace standards. Large pos ters outlining Billabongs supplier reckon of Conduct are fixed to high profile locations within factories to project workers are alert of their rights.Multi-stakeholder meetings that bring together staff from the Companys geographically diverse regions are also held twice annually. These provide a forum to discuss the direction of the business and gain a better understanding of the pauperization that drives business decisions.International Nature of the BusinessFrom its origins in Australia nearly 30 years ago, Billabong has evolved into a global business that operates on four major continents. Its name-Billabong International Limited-now reflects this focus and the promotion and protection of its brands and name are a major component of the business around the world.The original market for boardshorts and wetsuits was limited in its size, so Billabong (along with several other similar companies) looked to expand their product range to include clothing and accessories. Original ly, these were manufactured in Australia. The drivers for Billabong included the film to expand to new and larger markets in order to increase sales and profits, improvements in technology that led to better production and communication, and the advent of global consumers because of the increasingly popular surf culture and lifestyle. This is essentially a global strategy using global branding in that the same, standardised product is sold in all markets. Deregulation of markets and government influences had minimal impact on Billabong.Billabong also achieved economies of scale through its increase in production, as well as some cushioning of the economic cycle-having operations in both hemispheres, which have opposite seasons, allows the development of products to suit summer in Australia, which can then be sold in the Northern cerebral hemisphere four months later.The globalisation of Billabong was achieved throughseeking cheaper sources for manufacturing (in Hong Kong and China) -factories were established to produce garments for sale in Australiaexporting and distributing in the United States (initially in surf areas, such as California)exporting and distributing in France and then in the rest of Europeestablishing operations in the United States, France, Japan, New Zealand, Canada, Hong Kong and Brazil that are amenable for importing, distributing and wholesaling Billabong products. This is a form of foreign direct investmentthe acquisition of other businesses so that they became wholly owned subsidiaries of Billabong. This occurred with Element and Von Zipper-these companies retain their name (brand) but are wholly owned and controlled by Billabonglicensing, which allows distributors and some retail outlets to use the Billabong name as part of their operations.There are several key out areas which are important in the management of a business at a global scaleFinancial Exposure to foreign exchange is a concern for all global companies as well as metho ds of payment and credit risks. However, the establishment of operations and distributors in various countries ensures that Billabong is in a position to access borrowed funds from overseas if required.Operations In order to reduce production costs the majority of Billabongs manufacturing occurs in China. This is a form of outsourcing and strict procedures are in place to ensure pure tone control. Billabong has offices in Australia (Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria), the United States (California), France, Japan, New Zealand, Canada, Hong Kong and Brazil. By adopting a global web approach and using subsidiaries, Billabong can move products more than easily, avoid some government regulations, be closer to its markets and customers, and avoid some foreign exchange risks.Employment Relations Billabong needs to be aware of differences in labour laws and cope with pressures relating to minimum labour standards. The Company also must adhere to the global standards covering fac tory inspections (on general mankind rights and environmental issues) and laboratory tests.ConclusionThe original Billabong business focused on gear for local surfers, before diversifying into clothing and accessories for surfing, snow skiing and skating. Billabong now has over 2200 product lines and is the leading surfwear brand in Australia with its products being distributed in more than 60 countries internationally. Despite the doom and gloom of the current economic environment, Billabong has managed to largely steer clear of any major short-comings, enjoying success in most of its global sectors. From a small backyard operation in 1973 to todays multi-national publicly floated company, Billabong is certainly an entrepreneurs dream come true.

An analysis of Criminology and its history

An analysis of Criminology and its historyLegally speaking, a abuse is an moment that is punishable by virtue. A person is called immoral who has act much(prenominal) a legally prohibited act. But still in that respect be some another(prenominal) criteria ground on which a person is dogged as a wicked or not a twist.Criminology is considered a the scientific theater of operations which relates twain the various(prenominal) and society to the outlaw behavior, including the nature, extent, causes, and control of this behavoir. Since Criminology is fueled from dissimilar theater standardised behavioral sciences, sociologists( particularly the sociology of deviance) , fond anthropologists and legality consequentlyce it is an interdisciplinary issue in these academic handle1.In 1885, an Italian law professor Raffaele Garofalo was the first one who coined the term criminology as criminologia. But later, analogous cut term criminologie was used by French anthrop ologist Paul Topinard well-nigh the same time1Since Criminology is a related to curse consequently questions obtain in ones mind that what is offensive? Why and what savvys distinguish pile to break abominations and is thither any elan to stop plague from creation committed? Every day criminologists ask these kinds of questions, and some other questions that are similar to these. Criminology is a continuously growing field, because every day philosophers come up with in the raw theories and research that link lot, society and umbrage. The primary(prenominal) field of criminology has many subfields that contain a reduce of different theories and philosophies, where they provide a link among wretched, disgust and abominable behavior. Classical Criminology and Positivist Criminology are the devil main criminology perspectives. Today the field of criminology is do up of these devil radical theories and some other theories ( handle them) and they all collaborate together to provide hypothetic fram realise that relates two the one-on-one and society to the criminal behavior. 2History In the mid-17th century, criminology came into earthly concern when hearty philosophers started thinking about the crime and concepts of law1(3) Historically criminologists apply indite very little about the way out of philosophical constitution. too the philosophers have not written much about the crime and criminology field. Due to which, an implicit chess opening is created betwwen philosophy and criminology which has been absent either in the theoretical assumption of criminologists or in the more than cosmopolitan meta somatogenic , ethical and legal paternity of philosopher. However, one thing is sure finishedout the history that law and justice were the most eventful concerns of the philosophers (e.g. Solomon and Murphy1990 Friedrich 1963).Many of the most eventful philosophers minds, from Plato, Thomas doubting Thomas and Saint August ine, to Immanuel Kant, Jeremy Bentham, Cesare Beccaria, have dealt with the multiformities of loving obligation, social offence, social control and societal response to crime openly and intensely.Indeed, crime, as it lift upms, was never considered properly as philosophical issue. But , at various points in time in the historic, one can find that the subject of criminal behavior was considered by the philosophy, medical philosophy, theology and as well as by morals where it was considered as a subset of immoral conduct,. But still crime was remained noticeably absent from the most important philosophical theories that is the general ontological, epistemological, ethical and enhancive analysis. These theories big handicraftman suggest new viewpoints and different directions for its general comprehension as well as particular applications of it in law and justice studies.Similarly the field fo philosophy and its corresponding intellectual subfields (i-e ontological, epistemol ogical, ethical and aesthetical) never considered the criminological concerns properly. at that placefore criminology evolved into a increasingly interdisciplinary as an indie field having its own scholars and practitioners where philosophy and criminology were regarded as distinct and unrelated subject perhaps.But still it can be seen that crimilogy and philosophy were related to severally other in number of ways and the junction of crimilogy and philosophy were depict by scholars in some(prenominal) camps.The aim is not to fill the spread between the two. But the above discussion is provided in cast to attend how the two field were dealt earlier and how they created a copulation to each other. cable Due to the time limitation and number of pages I have to publish (10 pages at most), I go away only if discuss some of the important theories that have cracking influence on the criminology.Now First, I will concentrate on how the concept and take of crime developed thro ugh the history by considering its progress from ancient times to the Middle Ages, then to the modernity and more recently to the postmodernity. In this essay my aim is rationalize different ways that how the philosophers, from philosophy field, has address the issue of crime. Also how much(prenominal)(prenominal) conceptions have been used to broader intellectual and social trans constellationation. Secondly we will see that how the philosophy is introduced into criminology field.Crime in philosophyFor many years, philosophy and social science were one and the same. The philosophers associated with psychology , sociology and criminology( called psychologist, sociologist, and criminologists of ancient times) and from the Middle Ages were confined to these fields because they entertained only those sort of questions which were related to their specific field. It was then that these sorts of questions, during the later(prenominal) historical periods, became a part of specific acad emic disciplines (Rosenberg 1988) thusly subsequently the affiliation of the criminology with different disciplines, the philosophers, of these disciplines, started to examine the essential questions of crimilogy that is what is crime , Why and what reasons crystalize large number to commit crimes, why certain raft have a criminal behavior , and how system of justice should take action against the lawbreakers.When we ask at most of the books on criminology or criminological system, they begin their historical description from the Cesare Beccaria (Beccaria 1764) philosophy. Until then, throughout the years of Western philosophy, crime, law and justice were at least implicit topics that precede him.Criminology and its Philosophical consideration can be traced back to Plato at least, and afterward this era comes the Middle Ages where the criminology became the subject of theological concerns , later entered to the cause-effect discourse of modernity through the meditative thin king of Beccaria and Bentham. by and by the modernity it entered to the scientific discourse of the early biological irrefutables and then in conclusion to the postmodernity.Although crime is social fact, but still the particular realities of crime are relative to time and place. Therefore whatever speculation, implicit or explicit, might be derived from Plato or Kant, the philosophy of crime in ancient Greece or 18 century German was radically different in westward ground from what we find today.Midlle AgeIn Middle Ages, on that point was a profound influence of the theology on charitable being conceptualization of the world (e.g. Hyman and Walsh 1983 Solomon and Higgins 1996). The Middle Ages observed the end of the Greek- providential crime as vice philosophy and thereafter the theological-inspired crime as sin philosophy was emerged.both man world and social life, throughout the Middle Ages, were considered to be characterized by a constant struggle where the forces of good and evil were uneven and were against one another. There was only one important respect the instinct ,in which the Middle Ages was different. The consciousness was associated more directly to the supernatural power(Dilman 1999 Kenny 1980). For example according to St. Thomas Aquinas,the soul was gift from God, implanting within human races a likeness to His ultimate reason.Therefore, a sinful disobedience shows a failure to responsibly use God-gifted powers of reason and choice. Crime-as-evil took place due to the human appetites, towards worldly entertainments, were tempted by the demon to get over our conscience embodied in our God-given soul (Enstadter and Henry 1995, p 34-35). rational number hedonism ( the emergence of modernity)The philosophical thinking about crime law and justice remained the same until 17th and 18th centuries, and during these centuries a significant shift in the philosophical thinking about the crime, criminal behavior and justice occurred. The general intellectual environs of the Enlightment and the criminological cohesion in the legal philosophies of Beccaria (1763) and Bentham (1996) were the gunstock for this philosophical shift. It is understood that the modern criminology started in mid 18th century. Since the authorisedism presented the criminology in perspective of human nature and behavior which was largely exempt of theological influence, and therefore readed the locus of crime in idiosyncratic thoughts and reasons instead. Which means that the classicism philosophical thinking, which was rooted in the principle of rationality, highlights ain responsibility, shrive choice, and hedonistic calculation, rather than putting the human nature and behavior, which was only confined to the supernatural power determination or related to the away struggle that live oned between the forces of good and evil.The utilitarian philosophical thinking of the classicism is considered a meta physiological departure from m etaphysical philosophy that was largely inspired form the theology field of the Middle Ages.(6)most of the battalion are panicked when they first come across with surmise, but still we use theories on daily basis. In our daily life we contact with many things therefore we all appoint assumptions about things.Theories devise some logical constructions in order to develop the natural phenomena. Although sometimes these phenomena are not observable directly, but still can be refuted or supported by some existential findings.Therefore hypotheses are used to create a relation between possibleness and empirical research.And these hypotheses are testable suggestions that are logically derived from theories.The testable part of every theory is very significant because scientific hypotheses should be capable of being accepted or rejected(6).Classical (6) Classical criminology was presented in a reaction to the barbaric system of law, justice and penalty that existed before 1789. It e mphasizes largely on human rationality and free will. The Classical trail was more inte peaceed in law- make and legal processing rather than analyze criminals. This train of thought believed that engagement in any crime was because of the add together free will and that individuals evaluated the consequences of their actions. Therefore to interrupt people from committing any crime or criminal activity, Punishment is made and it moldiness be bigger than the enjoyment of criminal gains. That is why rather than defining the criminal behavior, the Greco-Roman inculcate emphasized more on the legal definition of crime. Cesare Beccaria (1738-1794) and Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) were the two famous writers during this classical period, both were the leaders of the movement to human rights and free will(6).The Enlightment look-alike more emphasized on the free will , and selfdetermination in human behavoiur and knowledge form which the classical paradigm appeared .Since the Classic al theory of philosophy, in criminology, is emerged from the 18th century theories presented by English philosopher, Jeremy Bentham and an Italian economist, Cesare Beccaria (Hollin, 2004, 2). Therefore at time in history the punishment for crime was severe, and both of the philosopher presented the theory of utility. At that time the causes of criminal and delinquent behavior of the human was looked by new theorists (like Beccaria and Bentham) , and started explaining such deviance scientifically (Juvenile, 2005, 71). Theories such as naturalism and demonology, which were presented by the European Enlightenment paradigm as explanations for these behaviors, were rejected by those theorists. So these new theories were more related to the philosophy of rationalism and humanitarianism of the Age of EnlightenmentBeccaria did not present an entirely new theory in the field of criminology, but rather he cute to make a more rational punishment for a crime (Classic, 2001). He believed tha t the punishments should be in hierarchal form depending on the number of times a criminal had been charged previously and more on the severity, and seriousness of the crimes. He believed that conditions under which the death penalty was given should totally depend on the severity of the crime and it should not depend on actual act committed or the level of involvement in the act. In 1764 his book An Essay on Crimes and Punishment was print , in which he discussed that why crime occurs and what is the role of society in committing such crimes. (4)He argued that all the people should be treated equally by the law and to avoid the misuse of judicial power then the punishments for particular crimes essential be standardized by legislatures.Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832), another classical theorist like Beccaria to a fault argued that humans are rational beings who make choices by example their free will. Thus,both of these philosophers argued that a pain entangled in the potential pun ishment for a crime must be biger than any pleasure in that crime in order to stop the people from commiting such a crime for that pleasure. (6)Utilitarianism was the major concern of Bentham. He believed that individuals are more concerned about the probabilities of the present and future pleasures rather than considering their pains in present and future time. Therefore he believed that human calculators are calculators that act acooring to calculations, and that they use a sort of mathematical equation for all factors to make a decision whether to commit an illegal act or not. The law is made to make all people happy happiness at all and so that they can live a pleasurable life, on the other hand punishment creates unhappiness but a plea for this punishment is that it prevents greater evil that it produces as a consequence(6).The early nineteenth century criminologists aread that the philosophy of legal punishments presented by the classical enlighten did not adequately consi der the generally varying dower of those who were involved in criminal justice system. Therefore , theses criminologists argued that those people who are ineffective to differentiate between right and wrong, especially children and mentally ill persons, must not be punished with the same punishment for the crime as normal and mentally capable adults who had committed the same crimes are punished. along with the contributions from the positivists,a later generation of criminologists, these philosopher argued that the punishment for a crime must view the criminal, not the crime itself (4).(8) The criminal justice policies were greatly changed by Beccarias theory, especially in France, and it was expected that it would soon decrease the crime rate. But actually this was not found in any way whether this occurred or not, because there were no statistics about annual crime rate to measure whether it was personnel casualty up or down.In 1827 about sixty years after Beccaria wrote his book, France published its first annual national crime statistics. These statistics showed clearly that crime rate were surprisingly regular. The crime rates for general and for specific crimes such as rape and murder remained the same from year to year. Also, some regions in the country had higher crime rates than some other regions and these differences in like manner remained the same from year to year.The new crime statistics clearly exposed that the classical punishment policies and philosophy are failed in stopping the crime form being committed, and at the same time these suggested that there were some other factors in the society that had a greater influence on the crime in society.Due to this shift in philosophical thinking gave origin to a new paradigm of criminology, which was known as positiveness. The aim of this paradigm was to study the causes of crime either in the individual or in the larger society (8).Mazoor (3)Positivism(4)Later, the positivist school of thou ght in the field of criminology introduces a scientific glide path to the field of criminology,and they also include the biological and medical findings in this appraoch.In the 19th century, the positivist school of thought came into existence due to the scientific revolution, especially Charles Darwin discoveries and following scientific advancements. A search for the most important and basic questions about human beings and the universe around them was started and presented by utilize the objective science, instead of using religious and theological beliefs or arm-chair philosophy.(6) Positivists, unlike the classical philosophers , wanted to explain the universe around them objectively. The positivist presented the deterministic view of the world, to explain the criminal behavior rather considering the legal issues, and believed that the crime could be prevented through the discourse of offenders or through the or reformation of the offenders. They observed that the biological , psychological, and social qualities determined the criminal behavior. Therefore the positivists were interested in use of scientific techniques to study those behaviors. Data was collected using these scientific techniques to explain different types of social and individuals phenomena.The positivist used the theory evolution, formed by naturalists and anthropologists, to the study criminal behavior of human beings.The focus of logical positivism was on systematic manifestations and the collecting of evidences and objective facts within a deductive frame work, therefore locomote from a more general statement to a more specific one(6). Darwin published his book On the Origin of Species in 1859 (Darwin 1859), in which he stated thatHumans were the same general kind of creatures as the rest of the animals, except that they were more highly evolved or developed. After the Darwinian theory, it was started to figure human beings as creatures whose behavior was influenced by biologic al and cultural priming coat instead of self-determined human beings who acted according to their free will.16 This was the time that the first scientific studies of crime and criminal behavior started to begin.Positivism describes a method of interrogative that tries to find answers to those questions that are related to the criminal behavoir which is scientific method. The researcher observes the empirical facts of the real world by testing hypotheses to reach the ultimate integrity and derives laws for their reseach work (e.g.the law of relativity). The the social sciences appreciated this kind of mode of inquiry, presented by positivist, largely through the work of August Comte (1798-1857) who is often called the founder of positivism as wel as the founder of the sociology discipline. Comte stated that theological, metaphysical, and positive or scientific are the three stages through which the knowledge passes. The scientific or positivist is considered the highest or final s tage of knowledge, and through this stage of knowledge the human beings are able to find out regularities among different social phenomena to establish the predictability and control17 (5).(5) However, the big breakthrough in the positivist criminology came when an Italian doctor Cesare Lombroso published his book Criminal Man in 1876 which earned him title of the pose of criminology(5). Cesare Lombroso), was the leading philosopher of positivist school thought who (6) used the concept of determinism to knock back the philosophy of free will and rationality(6).Lombroso, Influenced by Darwinian theory of evolution, started to front the physical features of prisoner and concluded that specific physical characteristics, such as skeletal, cranial, and neurological malformations were more corelated to the criminal behavoir.(5)In his work, Lombroso discuseed the biological aspects of the criminal behavior, and stated that since the physical characteristics determine the criminal behavo ir therefore a criminal is born that way and can be differentiated from non-criminals according to these physical characteristics. Lombroso called them stigmata or characteristics. Lombrosos work was the beginning of the positivist criminology and then it is subdivided into different fields. Today biology (began with Lombroso), psychology, and sociology there are three major fields of positivist criminology. Thus, biological positivism describes the criminal within the individual by considering its physical structure psychological positivism locates the causes by considering the personality development whereas the sociological positivism sees the causes by looking at the social factors and social structure(5).21In late-nineteenth-century, another school of thought came into existence, called cartographic school, who developed statisticians work in field of criminology, and analyze this data on population and crime. The French philosopher Lambert Adolphe Quetelet, (1796-1874), and Be lgium philosopher Andr Michel Guerry belonged to this school of thought,. Both of these researchers collected the detailed statistical information about the crime and criminal behavior and also tried to identify and find out the circumstances that made the people to commit crime.A philosopher named Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) also had a great influence on criminology. Durkheim presented the hypothesis about the criminal behavior of people and argued that it is a normal part of all societies. He also argued that there is no such society in this world who have commanding uniformity of moral consciousness.There is some deviancy in all societies, and that includes the criminal deviance too, or otherwise they will stagnate.Durkheim also mentioned the ways in which modern and industrial societies play differed role in building the criminal behavior from those societies that were nonindustrial. Individuals in industrial societies possesses a behavior called anomie by Durkheim which is a Gr eek word meaning without norms. Therefore the modern societies inevitable to develop specialized and specific laws and criminal justice systems that were not important in early societies in order to control behavior.Sociology and CriminologyIn the twentieth century, the most influential approach in the field of criminology was the sociological approach to criminology, which was concerned to the study of social behavior, systems, and structures. Further it was divided into social-structural and social-process approaches in relation to criminology.Social-Structural CriminologyThis approaches to criminology inspect the related social circumstances and structures that have a great influence on the criminal behavior.In the 1920s and 1930s , an ecologic school of criminology, was developed, through the work of Robert E. Park, Ernest Burgess, and other urban sociologists at the University of shekels which is known as Chicago school thought.(6) Human behavior was the main focus of the Ch icago school thought, which was determined by social and physical environmental factors, instead of genetic or personal characteristics. The school believed that fellowship was the main factor in the societies that effected human behavior and that the city functioned as a microcosm. An empirical sociology was developed by researchers from this school of thought, in order to study humans behavior in their natural environment rather than looking at their social environment.Data related to individual cases combined with population statistics was collected by these theorists which constructed an important information and became hindquarters for criminological theories of today (6).The theorists of this school also explains relationship between the crime and social and environmental change. Similarly it also tries to explain why certain regions of a city have more tendency to attract crime than its other regions. It is found by researchers that urban areas that convert from residentia l to business uses are mostly targeted by crimeYet there exist another school of criminology, included in social-structural approach, known as affair school of thought. It is based on the Marxist theories of philosophy and argued that under the system of capitalism, crime was the ultimate product of appointment between different classes. The conflict theory proposes that the laws and systems of justice in society appear as a conflict instead of consensus. Laws are made by the assort of people who are in power in different societies in order to control those who are not in power. Theorists of this school suggest that those who commit crimes are not basically different from the rest of the population. Therefore they wield instead that to determine that whether a person is a criminal or not mostly depends on the society reactions toward those who deviate from accepted norms. betrothal theorists and some other theorists argue that most of the time poor people and members of minorit ies are considered as criminals as compare to members of the majority and wealthy individuals.In the early 1970s another philosophical thinking in criminology field came into prominence called fine criminology ( also known as radical criminology), which was also based on the Marxism. It also tries to explain existing social upheaval. Critical criminology is based on the economic thinking and explains the criminal behavior by considering the economical aspect of the society. Theorists form this school, argues that certain inequalities exist in the economical and social aspect of the society which cause criminal behavior and make the people to commit the crime. It does not focus much on the study of individual criminals and believes that we cannot get rid of the existing crime within the capitalist system. Like the conflict school, it also declares that Laws are made by the group of people who are in power in different societies in order to control those who are not in power and th at the state and its legal system exist to advance the interests of the ruling class.PostmodernityConclusion(6)Aaccording to Edwin H. Sutherland, Criminology is the remains of knowledge which consider the crime as a social phenomenon. And the processes of making laws, breaking laws, and the reacting toward the breaking of laws are included in the field of criminology. Criminologists have devises a number of methods of study which vary from social to behavioral sciences. Criminologists, like other scientists, also presented their theories about crime and criminal behavior over time and place. They also used various methods to discuss the characteristics of criminals, criminal behavior, and victims. several(predicate) punishments and treatments for different crimes have been presented in societies in order prevention people from committing these crimes.Simplicity or complexity of the philosophical theories depends on relationships that are made among different field in formulating t hese theories.The matter of truth is that we need theory so as to better understand the function of the world around us. We often recognize what we want to perceive. The behavior of human beings is very complex to study and changes as the time and values of society change, and therefore is near abstract. Theories related to the criminology are complex, too. The theories that I discussed in this essay are from research, both past and present, which studied the criminal behavior both with systematic observation and very careful logic(6).* The purpose of these theories are not to observe the individual field of criminology in explaining the causes of criminal activity. But instead , each of the theory tried to explain the big picture of the criminal behavoir and provided ways to prevent it. Combination of theories will be the most accurate means of explaining both criminality in general and individual crimes in particular.*(7)A number of different aspects of criminal justice policy ha s been presented throughout the history. The Classical School of criminology presents theories that evolved from a capital punishment type of view to more humanitarian based punishment of people. Positivist criminology stresses on the control of human behavior and crimi

Effectiveness of Interventions for Emotional Eating

Effectiveness of Interventions for Emotional EatingPeer review Does educating pupils on worked up exhausting have a positive effect on their aflame eating behaviours?Summary of aims, rationale and hypothesesThe applicator proposes an intervention for peremptory emotional eating beca aim emotional eating often has been linked to obesity, which is a major concern in the UK. This device focuses on prevention by giving people information virtually the topic via seminars before the emotional eating started. The applicant extended forward inquiry ab erupt the laying claim that examine can cause emotional eating and that eating disorders, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as obesity, binge eating and anorexia nervosa, argon linked to emotional eating. A lot of emotions, such as arousal, fear, boredom and a negative sense of humour can lead to food intake. The applicant foc utilize on research about interventions on alcohol use and abuse and the success of these interventions because the participants behaviours and attitudes were changed. trine key parts were mentioned drinking alcohol wont turn everybody in an alcoholic, the act of drinking is normal, but abusive drinking isnt and education starts early. This intention hypothesized that pupils who receive emotional eating seminars, compared to pupils who receive litter choice seminars, leave alter their behaviours and their emotional eating scores will reduce by educating them about emotional eating and thereby reduce obesity levels, stressful to receive long-term outcomes.Summary of methods and expected resultsThe applicant found cxl pupils from year 9, between the age of 13 and 14. These pupils were split up in two groups. The experimental group received the emotional eating seminars, duration the control group received seminars about litter picking. Afterwards, the applicant used the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire, particularly the part about emotional eating and participants had to add their hei ght and weight. Participants asked to fill in the questionnaire twice, once in the beginning and once at the end of term. Both groups were asked to fill in a nonher(prenominal) short questionnaire at the end of each(prenominal) seminar to measure the collision of the seminar on their behaviour. The design expected to see a change in the behaviour of the pupils in terms of emotional eating and that pupils have a develop chance of noticing these eating behaviours.Summary of limitation and challengesThe applicant mentioned that previous research found little gender differences and therefore this suggestion does not account for gender differences. Secondly, because increased stress causes an increased food consumption, the applicant found an additional test. Pupils were shown a stress inducing video time having snacks in front of them. The bowl was weighed before and later on they had watched the video. Third, litter picking was chosen as the control variable because the applican t assumed that it had nix to do with emotional eating.Constructive suggestions on how to improve the proposal (385)This proposal is very useful because it highlights a major paradox in our society, obesity. corpulency is a worldwide problem with a lot of health problems, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancer (Wang et al, 2011). Therefore, research is necessary to find preventions and interventions for this problem because researcher expect 11 million pear-shaped adults much in the UK by 2030 (ibid). An early(a) severe part about this proposal is that the questionnaires are quantitative, which means that it based on a measurement, for example a five-point scale, and that this athletic field consists of numbers, which makes this proposal much valid. The extra stress test is very good to control the reliability of the questionnaire scores and therefore to measure a triplet variable, which might make the proposal again more valid. However, this proposal has it fla ws. First, this proposal is not neuro-cognitive. Nothing in this take on measures something neurological. The applicant could have metrical brain activity in participants while they were eating before and by and by the seminars, in both, the control and the experimental group, to see if something changed neurologically while they were eating after the seminars compared to before the seminars, for example, the experimental group might think more about what they eat and how much instead of just eating without thinking at all. Secondly, only two seminars might not be enough. Most studies who use prevention methods, such as seminars, were longitudinally (Hivert et al., 2007 Keller, 1978 Schnell Doetkott, 2003). It might be better if the applicant would have done this issue for two years or so, which would mean that every group would have for example 12 seminars each year for two years long. A longitudinal study gives more long-term outcomes instead of only short-term outcomes (Schn ell Doetkott, 2003). The applicant is doing this study in only one school. It might be better to take participants out of different schools because it is possible that one school pays more attention to what their students eat or pay more attention to prevent unhealthy children than another school, which could affect the study. Therefore, more schools should be participating this study to make it more valid.Is the proposal feasible? Are the requested resources well justified?This proposal seems very feasible. The requested resources are well justified and the study shouldnt be too difficult to conduct.How novel is the proposal?This proposal is not a really new study, but not adopted either. Daubenmier et al. (2011) suggested a mindfulness intervention, based on therapy, instead of seminars. Although the intention of both is the same, the study differs in certain respects. Hivert et al. (2007) did a study that is very alike to this proposal, only they did the study on participants, who were already obese.What is the intentional impact of this proposal?Given that this study might already have been done and the few limitations, this study is not unnecessary. The impact in this proposal is to prevent eating disorders. Good in this study is that, if it works, it prevents eating disorders before they even come up compared to other studies, who only start these interventions when it is already too late.REFERENCESDaubenmier, J., Kristeller, J., Hecht, F. M., Maninger, N., Kuwata, M., Jhaveri, K., Epel, E. (2011). Mindfulness intervention for stress eating to reduce cortisol and abdominal fat among overweight and obese women an exploratory randomized controlled study.Journal of obesity,2011.Hivert, M. F., Langlois, M. F., Berard, P., Cuerrier, J. P., Carpentier, A. C. (2007). Prevention of weight gain in young adults through a seminar-based intervention program.International Journal of Obesity,31(8), 1262-1269..Keller, R. T. (1978). A Longitudinal Assessment of a M anagerial Grid Seminar Training Program.Group presidential term Management,3(3), 343-355.Schnell, C. A., Doetkott, C. D. (2003). First year seminars produce long-term impact.Journal of College Student Retention Research, possible action and Practice,4(4), 377-391.Wang, Y. C., McPherson, K., Marsh, T., Gortmaker, S. L., Brown, M. (2011). Health and economic burden of the projected obesity trends in the regular army and the UK.The Lancet,378(9793), 815-825.

Data Processing in Big Data Centres Cost Reduction Approach

entropy Processing in Big entropy Centres price Reduction barbelA Cost Reduction Approach for entropy Processing in Big selective information CentersR. Reni Hena HelanABSTRACT- The tremendous development in buy info touch leads to the higher(prenominal) load on computation, store and converse in the information storage spunks, which influence the selective information center providers to spend a considerable expenditure in info affect. There atomic number 18 troika features leading to this increased expenditure, ie., job allotment, entropy positioning and info movement. In this authorship, these third features ar taken into consideration and an approach for address decrement for cloud information processing is proposed. I propose a Markov compass Model to analyze the childbed completion considering the information transmittance and its computation.Keywords Markov concatenation Model, info Center, deprave data, Data Positioning, Data Processing.INTROD UCTIONIn modern years, the outburst of data all over the world has led to the call for of data processing in the data storage centers. This demand to a greater extentover leads to the increase in the live incurred in the computation and the chat re stemmas. As predicted by Gartner, by 2015, 71% of the data storage center computer hardware utilization would be from the cloud data processing which ordain indulge around $126.2 billion. So, it is of vital importance to analyze the live reduction job in cloud data processing in the data storage centers.Data Center resizing (DCR) has been proposed to reduce the cost involved in data processing by adjusting the number of emotional innkeepers through projection placement1.The Cloud Data Service Architecture mainly consists of distributed file systems which is accommodating in distributing the data and its copies all over the data centers for an efficient load match and high performance. Some studies focused on reducing the co nversation cost by taking steps to place data on the servers where the excitant data exist to solve the remote data loading problem. blush though in that respect were many solutions proposed to solve the above issues, none of the solutions were helpful in providing a cost efficient big data processing due to few disadvantages. First one, being the wastage of resources for the data that is not a great deal accessed. Second, being the contagion costs involved depending on the distances and the type of communication used between the data centers. not all the data could be stored on the akin server because of its high volume it is a needful one to store few data into remote servers that would incur transmission cost. Transmission costs get increased proportionally with the number of communication links involved.To get rid of the above disadvantages, I consider the cost reduction for cloud data processing through a mutual optimization approach of labour placement and data position ing in the data centers. Every server may have only a few resources needed for distributively piece of data residing on it. The data pull up stakes need more resources to carry out with its big data processing tasks. The main aim of this base is to optimize the data positioning, task allocation, routing and DCR to minimize the overall computation cost involved. The contributions are briefed as follows,1.This paper considers the cost reduction problem involved with the cloud data processing in the data centers by the joint optimization of data positioning, task allocation and routing. To explain the computation and the transmission involved with the data centers, the Markov fibril model has been used and the task completion time has been derived.2. For cost reduction, ternion factors are taken into consideration. The first one is how to place data in servers and the second one is how to distribute the data and the third one is how to resize the data centers to achieve minimum co st operation.II. OTHER RELATED whole kit and caboodleCost Minimization in ServerThe data centers are distributed passim the world to store huge volumes of data that are accessible to thousands of users. A data center consists of a large number of servers that consume untold power. Few Million dollars were to be spent on electricity cost that is a rising problem leading to the increased operation cost. The outdo known mechanisms proposed that grabbed attention was the DCR that focused on vim management by the data centers. Liu et al.2 examined the same issue by considering the clench with the network. Fan et. al 3 analyses on how much computing equipments can be hosted within a fixed power budget in a safer and an efficient manner.Data ManagementThe main aspect of data management is the reliability and impelling data positioning. Sathiamoorthy et al. 4 proposed a solution based on erasure codes that offered high reliability in comparison with the Reed-Solomon codes. Yazd et al5 proposed a scheduling algorithm to improve cipher efficiency in data centers considering the data locality properties.Data PlacementAgarwal et al6 gave a data placement approach for the geographically distributed cloud services by considering the bandwidth cost, data center capacity, etc. It analyzes the logs based on the data access types and the client locations.All the existing works every focus on the task allotment or on the data placement or on the data management. But this paper takes into consideration, the data positioning, the task allotment and the routing of data systematically.SYSTEM MODELThe geographically distributed data center topology is shown in Fig. 1. with all the data centers containing the same data are connected via switches. There are a assign of data centers(D), and each data center d D that consists of a set of servers Sd connected to the switch md M having a local transmission cost of Cl .The local transmission cost Cl will be less than the data c enter transmission cost Cr. Le the whole system be modeled as a graph denoted by G=(N,E) where,N is the vertex set that includes all the switches(M) and the servers(Sd)E is the edge set.The weight involved with the edges are represented as,w(u,v)= Cr , if u,v MCl, otherwiseThe data stored in geographically distributed data centers are shared out into a set of compiles C. Each data chunk c C has a size and its is normalized to the server storage capacity. For each chunk of data, thither will be P copies available in the distributed system for the shift tolerance. c be the average task arrival rate requesting for chunk c.Fig. 1. Data Center topologyThe task arrival in each server is considered as a Poisson Process. If the task is distributed to a data center where the data chunk does not reside, it will take some center of time till the data chunk gets transferred to that data center. Each task should be replied with a response time of R.PROBLEM FORMULATIONData Placement and Ta sk allocation constraintsThe binary variable ysc is used to nurture to whether the data chunk c is placed on the server s.ysc takes the measure 1 if the chunk c is placed in the server s and it takes the value 0 if thechunk c is not placed in the server s.In any distributed file system for each data, there are P copies of data chunks stored and the data stored in each server cannot go beyond the storage capacity.Any server is termed as an activated one(as), only if there are data chunks stored onto it or else tasks assigned to it.Data Loading ConstraintsFor every data chunk c required by the server s, there are few external or immanent data transmissions involved for which a routing procedure is devised.The Graph containing the servers and the switches is divided into three categories,1. Source Nodes These are the servers consisting of the data chunks2. Relay Nodes These nodes receive data from the source nodes and forward them to theother nodes based on some routing technique.3 . Destination Nodes These are the nodes that are receiving the data chunks.Each and every destination node will receive the data chunks only if does not have a sham of it.Cost ReductionThe cost involved with the transmission of the data chunks could be minimized bychoosing the parameters such as the ysc ,as , c etc. surgical process EVALUATIONThe performance analysis of the joint optimization approach describes that the communication costsdecreased if more tasks and data chunks were placed in the same data center. Further increase in the number of servers will not affect the data chunk distribution among them. Increased requests lead to more activated servers and more computation resources and the joint optimization approach tries to cast down the server cost. This approach balances between the server cost and the communication cost. When the delay requirement is very small, many servers are activated to provide fiber of service. And the server costs decrease as the delay constr aints increases.CONCLUSIONThis paper explains the joint optimization approach of data positioning, task allotment and routing ofdata to reduce the overall operational cost involved with the data centers that are geographically distributed.This approach reduced the computational complexity considerably.REFERENCES1 L. Rao, X. Liu, L. Xie, and W. Liu , Minimizing Electricity Cost Optimization of Distributed Internet Data Centers in a Multi-Electricity Market Environment, in Proceedings of the 29th external Conference on figurer communication theory (INFOCOM).IEEE,2010, pp. 1-9.2 Z. Liu, M. Lin, A. Wierman, S.H. Low, and L.L. Andrew, Greening Geographical Load Balancing ,in Proceedings of International Conference on Measurement an Modeling of Computer Systems(SIGMETRICS. ACM, 2011,pp.233-244.3 X. Fan, W. D. Weber, and L. A. Barroso, Power Provisioning for a Warehouse-sized Computer, in Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture (ICA).ACM, 2007, pp.1 3-23.4 M. Sathiamoorthy, M. Asteris, D. Papailiopoulos, A. G. Dimakis, R. Vadali, S. Chen, and D. Borthakur, Xoring elephants novel erasure codes for big data, in Proceedings of the thirty-ninth International Conference on Very Large Data Bases, ser. PVLDB13. VLDB Endowment, 2013, pp.325-336.5 S. A. Yazd, S.Venkatesan, and N. Mittal, Boosting energy efficiency with mirrored data block replication policy and energy scheduler, SIGOPS Oper. Syst. Rev., vol.47, no.2, pp.33-40, 2013.6 S. Agarwal, J. Dunagan, N. Jain, S. Saroiu, A. Wolman, and H. Bhogan, Volley Automated Data Placement for Geo-Distributed Cloud Services, in the seventh USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI), 2010,pp.17-32.7 S. Govindan, A. Sivasubramaniam, and B. Urgaonkar, Benefits and Limitations of Tapping Into Stored Energy for Datacenters, in Proceedings of the thirty-eighth Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA). ACM.,pp.341-352.8 P. X. Gao, A. R. Curtis, B. Wo ng, and S. Keshav, Its Not Easy Being Green, in Proceedings of the ACM Special Interest assemblage on Data Communication(SIGCOMM), ACM,2012.pp.211-222.9 J. Cohen, B. Dolan, M. Dunlap, J. M. Hellerstein, and C. Welton, Mad Skills new analysis practices for big data, Proc. VLDB Endow. Vol.2, no.2, pp. 1481-1492, 2009.10 H. Sachnai, G. Tamir, and T. Tamir, stripped-down cost reconfiguration of data placement in a storage arena network, Theoretical Computer Science, vol. 460.pp.42-53, 2012.

A Case Analysis Of Apple Inc Business Essay

A Case Analysis Of apple Inc Business strainThe purpose of this paper is to explain the definition of Strategic Management and wherefore it is critical to the success of an memorial tablet in meeting its goals and mission. The paper get out include a truncated analysis of the situation and pending purpose problem, as presented in the grimace and in relevance to the answer. In addition, the major issues will be touch the organization or individuals involved with the organization. include will be alternate courses of action to address the issues identified. Next, will be the decision or recommendation for action, with the appropriate supporting arguments if any.Statement of the Problem(s)Thousands of great deal were laid off at Apple, Inc. It does non look like Apple, Inc. pass much time working on its management and merchandise strategies from the beginning. It was not until erupt marketers such(prenominal) as Jobs and Sculley came into the picture, before the social club started to expand to purify markets with acquisitions and joint feigns. The problem was not changing their schema sooner. The jobs are what give to a companys effectiveness (Mello, 2011, p. 115) and if they kept their employees it might buzz off contributed to earlier success. It is adult male capital that helps companies to strive. For Apple, Inc. to lay off employees to help their financial statement for stakeholders may hold been part of the cause of the problem (Yoffie Slind, 2008). Their mission statement should have answered the question about what is strategic management, and why is it critical to the success of an organization in meeting its goals and mission statement?Summary of the Facts concord to seek done by Yoffie and Slind, (2008) Apple, Inc. started out with a great product rake to reach the computer market. Then they advanced to the iPod, iTunes and the 3G network in parliamentary law to advance their technology into the competitive marketplace. T hey became the industry leader under Wozniak with the naked as a jaybird Macintosh. However, their technology was slow. They did not beat their competitors during this portray. Sculley added desktop publishing, which foc employ on the educational market which sold at top price. Because Sculley was good at marketing he was able to hit the market with the personal assistants gadgets. The painest move Apple made was to form a joint venture with its competitor. Products dropped and IBM and Apple move but they were just starting to learn the joint venture game.When Steve Jobs came on board the company went through reorganization and many people muzzy their jobs. Microsoft invested one hundred and fifty million dollars just after Microsoft chest was formed. Then iMac went out to three hundred million and Apples image was impale on track again. Their marketing schema was to differentiate themselves from other competitors. Apple, Inc. had great designs under Steve Jobs with Microso fts cooperation. However, Acer and Dell were catching up with the peeled Intel processors and Windows 7 emerged. Apples smartest move was the iPod with music. However, Amazon was the companys new-madeest threat. The end result was the iPhone reaching the smartphone market. They reached all senior high by finally changing their game, by reaching seventy pct of the U.S. market. In addition, the iPhone 3G reached twenty-two markets (Yoffie Slind, 2008, p. 22).DefinitionThe elements of a strategy dwell of arenas so the company knows where the main operations will be and core technologies used (Mello, 2011, p. 131). The next step in setting up the companys strategy is the vehicle they will use to achieve their goals? Third, is differentiation on how they croup beat their competitors in the high-tech world? Fourth, is the staging management strategy of what products they programme on using? Lastly, is the companys economics in deciding how much to commove or to decide if their pr oduct is hard to market. In addition, there are different stages of technological change. The fast product stage is when the product starts with a concept and then has fast innovation. The Wild, Wild West stage is likewise fast innovation but for smaller companies taking risks. The consolidators are in the steady evolution stage that are in the mature manners cycle and use economies of scale. Lastly in the creative destruction stage there is new knowledge and competencies and the company seeks other industries to joint venture (Mello, 2011, p. 145).AnalysisApple, Inc. started out as a concept driver when they reached new market masking fast suppuration in the beginning. Then, they came up with new knowledge and competencies as concept learners. They were also pioneers in the industry showing fast innovation. They reached a mature life cycle with economies of scale when they had to put out their product lines. Apple, Inc. went through all the stages of technological change. How ever, in the fast growth stage they were not prepared for what lay ahead, so they had to come up with different strategies to have the competitive expediency. Every stage requires development of their employees and more(prenominal) financing resources (Mello, 2011).RecommendationsAccording to (Mello, 2011), Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) and the Resource-Based find out (RBV) organizations lead to hire employees that are motivated and have a super trained skills to help the company have a competitive advantage (p. 119). Core competencies are shared throughout the organization collaboratively. This knowledge connects strategy and SHRM (p. 125). The systems guide to comprise of human, social and organization capital, and it is through this creation and integrating working together that the company idler remain a success. This should have been done in the very beginning in their formation of strategy planning and origination of their mission statement.Moreover, reco mmendations for the company in the future is to suffer it part of their strategic management goal to do a get up (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis year. A SWOT analysis should have been done in the beginning of their strategic mission, so they would have known the threats that lay ahead. This is commonly done with their marketing management department. If all of the departments were integrated to work together interchangeably using core competencies, they would have foreseen what lay ahead. Whenever a company has fast growth such as in Apple, Inc.s fast growth stage, the company takes the risk of competitors striving to take over the marketplace with better high technological products (Mello, 2011).Consequently, their strategic management mission and goals should have include a plan for when there was overkill in the marketplace. Apple, Inc. would make a smart move to find ways to have employee retention and to beat the aspiration with continuous new in novative products. It is by keeping employees and training them they can come up with new ideas and patronage their growth in the future. They can stay ahead of the competition by having most low-cost items such as music downloads and higher cost for their other products. Apple, Inc. should use some of their new revenue towards research and development to design new innovations for tomorrows customers (Mello, 2011, p. 152).According to Zhouying Ying (2011), strategic management problems in the past with organizations were because they lacked integration. Apple, Inc. should have used sustainable and long development in their strategy for tracking, management and feedback otherwise long-term goals are harder to achieve (p. 49). Apple, Inc. failed to pay attention to its economy and financial resources necessary in the beginning. However, they did sustain growth in the later stages of the company. Now they need to sustain their growth through continuous integration and coordinatio n (p. 50). The goals need to consist with development for the long-term and to focus on the external environment. Strategic goals need to be achieved from the bottom up and the top down (p. 53) in their vision. Apple, Inc. necessitate to continue to inspire and motivate their new employees by giving them a support system to reach their vision and goals that are achievable.ConclusionThe case analysis consisted of a statement of the problem showing a brief analysis of the situation and decision problem. The analysis included the major issues surrounding the organization and individuals involved. The alternate courses of action were identified in the recommendations, which showed strategies needed to sustain growth and development in a high-tech environment. The main strategy is to maintain and inspire their employees to continue with growth in this fast-pace environment.

a memorable moment :: essays research papers

On April 17th, 2004, my eldest child went into labor around 530 A.M. I frankly wasnt in the mood to go to the hospital so early in the morning, plainly my mother told me I should. My mom told me that it was a time when my infant really needed us. All I thought about was that she wouldnt heretofore know whether I was there or not.      My family and I took her to the hospital, and then everyone waited in the adjacent room. I never thought much about it, so I fell asleep. To me it was like," Whatever," shes fitting having a baby, another niece or nephew for me. You see, my sister and I were never that close to begin with. While we all waited in the waiting room, the nurse unexpectedly came in and asked for me by my name. She told me to follow her. My sister said that she wanted me by her side as she delivered. In my transport I was thinking," Me...why me?"     As I walked into the room, my sister looked at me and whisper ed," Hello." The doctor told me to wield feeding her ice cubes and keep her calm because the contractions were getting closer together and stronger. More doctors and nurses started pouring in and then it was time. Something inside me told me to just go to my sister and comfort her, so I went to her and grabbed her hand.      She was experiencing a lot of pain, but still she managed to look at me and grin. I couldnt do anything but smile back. It seemed that everything was happening so fast because the next thing I think of was the doctor yelling," Its a girl" My sister and I were so ruttish and we were both crying tears of joy.     My sister hadnt let go of my hand, and I felt her squeeze me a little bit. I turned to her and she mouthed to me," give thanks you," just before they handed her the baby. That one simple word just made me feel the warmest sensation in the world. It was as if everything at that mo was r ight.      I stayed with me sister that day and the next and just stared at my niece until I fell asleep.

Essay --

Daniel UrbinaMr. LaVigneEnglish 101 (WC 1110)4 October 2013Symbolizing SavageryIn William Goldings entitle of the Flies, symbolism is portrayed passim the overbold and impacts the story in such a way that it sculpts just about the entire theme. The boys who be stranded on the island come in spot with many unique elements that Golding uses to symbolize ideas or concepts. Each boy represents a specific element of society, and each object Golding presents throughout the novel in like manner has particular importance to the novel. Through the use of symbols such as the beast, the pigs head, and til now Piggys specs, Golding demonstrates that humans, when liberated from societys rules and taboos, allow their natural capacity for evil to dominate their existence. integrity of the most important symbols in Lord of the Flies is the also what gives the novel its name, the pig head. Goldings description of the slaughtered animal head on a sharpen spear is very graphic and even frighten ing. The pig head is render as dim-eyed, grinning faintly, blood blackening between the teeth, (Golding 137) and the obscenity is swarmed with a black blob of flies that tickled under his nostrils (Golding 138). As a resolvent of this detailed, striking image, the reader becomes aw be of the great evil and darkness on the island that the pig head represents. When Simon begins to converse with the seemingly inanimate, devil-like pig head, the source of that vileness is revealed. Even though the conversation may be entirely a hallucination, Simon learns that the beast, which has long since frightened the other boys on the island, is not an external force. In fact, the head of the severed pig tells him, Fancy thinking the beast was something you could scat and k... ...d thump of living things, Piggys specs are stolen, leaving him virtually contrivance (Golding 167). Meanwhile, Jack returns to Castle Rock, trotting steadily, exulting in his achievement, as he has lots abandoned a ll ties to his previous civilized life (Golding 168). Although there are plenty of other allegories important to the book, the symbols that represent the most drastic changes are the beast, the pig head, and Piggys specs. The beast symbolizes the inborn savage spirit at bottom all of mankind, and shows that this evil will prevail no proceeds what. Piggys specs represent science, civilization, and order, but are destruct due to the overpowering evil in the boys. Golding clearly uses the novel Lord of the Flies to project the unfortunate truth that evil is present within all of humanity, and if let loose, will destroy anything that tries to suppress it.

Complete Darkness - Original Writing :: Papers

Complete Darkness - Original piece I woke up in complete darkness with an uncontrollable tangy stabbing spite in my jaw, it was the middle of the night and I was to the highest degree ten, I had been sleeping in the top bunk furnish in our Camper Van. I gave out a great cry of pain and I could hear my mum coming down the steps from her confine bed. She switched on a light and I could see extraction in all over the camper vans lineal floor, I could hear my sister Jenna kick about the bright light that had awoken her from her deep sleep, Mum told her to go covering fire to sleep. My mum took me up of the floor and placed me into the bed and I brook remember jumping up and down with the pain. Mum took me into the canful to evenhandedly up the blood and I remember her holding me on her human knee magic spell she sponged my face with a facecloth. I also remember the bathroom being very small for two people. My stepfather Davy was also at the admi ttance of the bathroom and then he turned to clean up the blood from the floor. Mum remarked that I must have put a tooth finished my face, as there was a small hole above my lip. When the bleed stopped Mum put me back into bed and I was dumb in a lot of pain but she stayed with me for a while and comforted me to try and make me go back to sleep. After whatever time Mum decided that she wanted to call the casualty department at Coleraine Hospital to ask their advice on my fall. When she came back I told her that I could feel a hole on the inside of my mouth - my vernacular would have gone into it. Mum got a torch and looked in and verbalise nothing. I could hear her firing up the steps to the cabin bed and speaking with my stepfather. Next thing I knew was that Mum was telling me we were going to Coleraine Hospital.

Destroying the Rain Forests: Human effects on Natures Essay examples --

Destroying the Rain Forests humankind effects on NaturesThe rain forests ar one of the most unusual places on the planet earth. They are home to several thousand species of animals that support no where else in the world1. They are also one of the primary sources of oxygegn of the world. whiz cannot even begin to describe the sheer beauty of the rain forests. However, the fundamental interaction of man with these marvels of nature has had a negative effect. Through agriculture, societal outgrowth and the search for raw materials mankind is destroying these marvels of nature. The rain forests are a unwrap of the negative effects of humans on nature. One of the biggest destroyers of the rainforest is soil. Farmers in areas inhabited by the rainforest are cutting down, burning and fetching over the rain forest land to make room for riseing. These lands one time inhabited by the beautiful forests are being turned into nip off fields and cattle pastures. This would have to hap pen if the farmers used efficient farming methods. Most of the farmers but are chopping and burning the rain forests to make generative land, and wherefore draining the life out the land by overusing it2. They then move on and take out more land to farm with. These farmers are taking out the rainforests at an enormous rate. They are however not the only source of rain forest destruction. Another shit of deforestation of the rain forest is the population growth of humans3. The population is developing at an enormous rate. As population grows so does the search for space. In tropical climates rainforests occupy forty-nine percentage of the land and twenty-five percent of the land is covered by closed rain forest4. Parts of Asia and Africa are covered by as much as forty-one percent ra... ...an, 1038. Bawa, Kamaljit, and McDade, Lucinda, eds. La Selva Ecology and NaturalHistory of a Neotropical Rain Forest. sugar University of moolah Press, 1994. 109 9. Bawa, 15410. Jorda n 33311. Barraclough, 18412. Barraclough, 31613. Bawa, 20114. Jordan, 3515. Barraclough, 21Bibliography.- Barraclough, Solon L., and Ghimire, Krishna B. Forests and Livelihoods The S.ocial Dynbamics of Deforestation in Developing Countries. untried York St. Martins Press, 1995.- Bawa, Kamaljit, and McDade, Lucinda, eds. La Selva Ecology and NaturalHistory of a Neotropical Rain Forest. Chicago University of Chicago Press, 1994. - Jordan, C.F., Ed. An Amazonian Rain Forest The Structure and Function of a wholesome Stressed Ecosystem and the Impact of Slash-and-Burn Agriculture. Athens, GA UNESCO, 1989.

the role change of Japans culture :: essays research papers

The Role Change of Japans Culture     My experiences in Japan have been surreal in that the cultural behaviors are approximately an exact opposite to those with which I had grown up. The order of daily life story is solely dependent on the roles and duties of each individual. When people begin to go against the regular flow of the excepted norms, great controversy is created. Japanese culture patterns hail a specific code that is rarely altered. When they are disturbed, there is scare caused by the insecurities of change.     The identity of Japanese culture is collectivism. Japans culture is dependent on the community of the people. The Japanese do not strive for individual success, exactly rather for group accomplishment. It is better for the group as a social unit to be healthy than for one soul to achieve higher status. The Japanese do not believe in leaving one person behind, they would rather slow the entire group down until that person undersurface catch up. In addition, the person who is slowing the group down exit feel shame because he has hurt his "family". For example, I volunteered in a Kindergarten in Shinagawa the last four months, and one day there was a little boy who was moving his chair into the group much to a greater extent slowly than the other students. The other students sat quietly watching him. When he finally put his chair down and the teacher was ready to begin, the student did not have his materials ready and had to go back up to the closet to function things. The teacher became agitated and went after the boy. She pointed to the clock and spoke to him sternly. Then she looked at the students and held him so they could all look at him as she reprimanded him. The child did not scream or cry for his mother as I expected. or else he looked down as tears flowed down his cheeks. The other students went back to looking at the teachers chair and she returned and did the lesson wi thout the boy. The boy continue to stand still until the group finished and then he rejoined them. I had seen the students hitting each other and misbehaving many times, but I neer saw a student get punished by a teacher until this day. This boy, at four years old, was feeling Haji (shame). He had hurt the group by cutting their time short.

Othello :: essays research papers

In William Shakespeares Othello there is a wide array of themes. i of the themes, which is found true to nearly every character, is of the act of overcome passim the gip. Another theme portrayed through Iago, is the recurring use of quarrel such as "monkey", "lion", etc. in " amative" conversation.&9In Othello, characters such as Roderigo, Brabantio, Desdemona, etc. at one point of the evasive action believe that they have complete control over another character or situation only to consider that the person or situation is uncontrollable. For instance, in the first scene of the play Roderigo is interested in courting Desdemona so he pays Iago to intercede with her on his behalf. Roderigo now believes that his money has bought him complete control over Iago, but when he finds out of Othello and Desdemonas marriage, he is angry at Iago and tells him,"I take it much unkindly that thou, Iago, who hast had my purse as if the strings were thine, shou ldst know of this." However passim the play Roderigo is still convinced that his money is helping to control Iago, and by the time he finds out that he has lost control, he has already been mortally wounded by Iago. Another example of this theme occurs between the main characters of the play Othello and Iago. Since Othello is a seasoned warrior and leader of the Venetian army, he believes that everyone underneath him give abide by his rulings and commands. And since Othello has had a long condition relationship with Iago, he has even more trust and faith in him. But Iago sees this and decides to take advantage of Othello. This is first observed when Iago and Roderigo are intercommunicate of their plan to get Othello against Cassio. After Roderigo exits, Iago lets the audience know of how he will be able to control and lead Othello around. Because of this Othello, who was the controller, has now become controlled by Iago. And the final example that the theme of control is pre sent in the play Othello portrayed through Desdemona. This occurs at the point in the play by and by the fight between Cassio and Roderigo. Cassio is begging of Desdemona to help him get his job plump for as lieutenant of the Venetian Army. The newlywed Desdemona is so positive that she git convince Othello to reconcile with him, that she promises CassioDo not doubt that before genus Emilia here I give thee warrant of thy place.

Biography of Augustus DeMorgan :: essays research papers

Augustus DeMorgan was an English mathematician, logician, and bibliographer. He was born in June 1806 at Madura, Madras presidency, India and educated at Trinity College, Cambridge in 1823. Augustus DeMorgan had passed away on expose 18, 1871, in London.Augustus was recognized as far superior in numerical ability to any other person there, but his refusal to commit to analyse resulted in his finishing only in fourth place in his class.In 1828 he became professor of mathematics at the newly realized University College in London. He taught there until 1806, except for a break of louvre years from 1831 to 1836. DeMorgan was the first president of London Mathematical Society, which was founded in 1866.DeMorgan&8217s aim as a mathematician was to place the subject on a more rigorous foundation. As a teacher he was unrivaled, and no topic was too insignificant to receive his careful attention. In 1838 he introduced the term &8220 mathematical induction to differentiate between the hyp othetical induction of existential science and the rigorous method. Often used in mathematical proof, for march on from n to n+I.DeMorgan made his greatest contributions to knowledge. The renaissance of logical studies, which began in the first half of the 19th century, was due almost entirely to the literary works of the two British mathematicians, DeMorgan and G. Boole. He always laid much straining upon the importance of logical training. His importance in the history of logic&8217s, however, in the beginning due to his realization that the subject as it had come down from Aristole was unnecessarily restricted scope. By reflecting on the processes of mathematics, he was led like Boole, to the strong belief that a far larger number of valid inference were doable that had hitherto been recognized.His most notable achievements were to lay the foundation for the theory of relations to prepare the way to rise of modern symbolic, or mathematical, logic. His name is commemorated in DeMorgan&8217s Law, which is usually presented in the concise alternative forms ( pvq ) = p & q and ( p&q ) = p v q. These read not ( p or q ) equals not p or not q and not ( p and q ) equals not p or not q. These statements assert that the negative ( or contradictory) of an alternative trace is a conjunction which the conjuncts are the contradictions of the corresponding alternants. That the negative of a connector is an alternative proposition in which the alternants are the contradictories of the corresponding conjuncts.

The Struggle in George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four (1984) :: Nineteen Eighty-Four 1984 Essays

The oppose in  Nineteen Eighty-four  (1984)   In a human beings runled by a higher precedent, constantly living in fear of doing or saying something equipment casualty, thoughts can be incriminating. Even worse, any unpure thoughts may key out you disappear. Constantly being watched, and observed without knowing. A telescreen watching every facial nerve expression and recording any abnormal body language and battlefront everywhere you go. Even in your home there is no escape. You ar unable to get away or turn off the power of the Telescreen and Big Brother. This novel is of a mans struggle against a undemocratic government that obliges the ideas and thoughts of its citizens.In the novel 1984 by George Orwell the government utilise modern mind reading techniques to discover the thoughts of the people and punish those who show signs of rising against the government. The novel is supposed to be a prophetic story, however, it was somewhat wrong in predic ting the date when this government would rein. Although some themes described in the obtain are now realities, some are not going to evanesce for some time to come and this is why this novel continues to be consuming to us today.Perhaps Orwells purpose for writing 1984 was to express his feelings of how the governments would come to control everything and anything they wished to do. It is also possible that he wanted to tell of how mind control and torture techniques could be used to make an individual or an good nation do what the government wanted. This story shows the danger of a world in which the government has too much control.  The novel shows how the government controls its people, eliminating their individuation and the essence of everything that makes a human a human.And if all others accepted the lie which the Party imposed-if all records told the same tale-then the lie passed into history and became truth. Who controls the past ran the Party slogan, controls th e in store(predicate) who controls the present controls the past. (Page 37)Though this society is efficient, it means little since the people cannot taste freedom and therefore have no rights. This quote emphasizes how if you dont recall anything virtually the past you depart be easily controlled by the government and you will no longer have any concrete evidence.In this novel, Orwell used the image of a man who stood in a shadow that cover his face.

Neo-Nazis :: essays research papers

Neo-NazisWhen three bombs exploded in capital of the United Kingdom in Spring 1999, targeting the capitals black, Asian and gay communities, the bane of Neo-Nazi terrorism finally seemed to have become a reality. The Neo Nazis who be more commonly know by the term " jumble Heads, atomic number 18 a growing force in shun groups. The German law put the number of active neo-Nazis at 47,000, a 4.5 per cent enlarge on the previous year. There hatred of Hispanics, Jews, Blacks, and some others are now the meteoric growing force in America. The younger kids usually do the Skin Head movement. These kids are drawn to the Aryan Nations and Neo Nazis by the forecast of free drugs, free booze, heavy metal music, ultimate freedom, and rebellion. Many of these kids snag because of family troubles at home and, desire in a junto, feel like they have a family with the group and feel loved. Racism is a received kind of prejudice, based on faulty reasoningand inflexible generalizatio ns toward a specific group. The wordPrejudice comes from the Latin noun praejudicium, which means a persuasion based on previous decisions formed before the facts were known. If a someone allows their prejudiced beliefs to block the progress of another, it is discrimination. Those who exclude all members of a work from certain types of employment, housing, political rights, educational opportunities, or a social interactions are guilty of racial discrimination.Race hatred, permitted to gain unlimited power, will be disastrous.The state - sponsored genocide perpetrated by Nazi Germany is an example of what happens when people who hate gain power. Hitlers extermination took the lives of six million human beings for no other reason than they were Jewish. It started in little ways, an ethnic joke, stereotyping that was never challenged, then restrictions, divergence of jobs, loss of civil rights, loss of voting rights, and the loss of life. The reason why the Ku Klux Klan is separat e from the Neo-Nazis and the Skinheads is because the Ku Klux Klans hatred and violence is aimed more towards blacks sort of than the Neo- Nazis and the Skinheads, whose hatred is, aimed more towards the Jewish people. The Neo-Nazis, sometimes called White Aryan Resistance, is a group that follows under Adolph Hitlers philosophies, which targets Jewish people. Unlike the Ku Klux Klan, the Skinheads do not join because they believe in the cause. Many join the "gang to feel apart of something because they feel that they do not belong anywhere else.

Roman Empire Essay -- essays research papers

In the first 19th Century Romanticism, man becoming one with him self and nature, was a reaction against the Enlightenment of the 18th century. With such people as William Wordsworth, William Blake and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe furnish romanticism with their writings and poems. William Wordsworth, for example, wrote many poems about nature and his beliefs on how purport and nature are closely related to one another.In Wordsworths Tables Turned stated, in other words, that the kind-hearted can archive worth by becoming one with nature. The poem heavily stated that the human should throw d possess the books, stop wasting your life on attainment and becoming knowledgeable and book smart when all you have to do is go outside and enjoy nature. This would help you achieve all that is ask in life. Wordsworth thought that nature had a huge impact on the humans imagination. He felt that nature was humanitys teacher. That it brought out the human imagination because that all the living organisms inner heart made man think and put meaning into forming there own ideas instead of accepting those of others. The way Wordsworths philosophy, as well as others of this time period, differs from that of the Enlightenment is that the philosophers of that time felt you should return to the classics. Meaning subscribe to the works of the Greeks and Romans become well rounded. William Blake, another poet whose beliefs of romanticism were expressed ...

Changing the Tone :: Personal Narrative Writing Papers

ever-changing the ToneEvery piece of writing has a voice, weve already open that. But even in the same piece of writing, the same speaker system or voice may pursue on several(predicate) tones, depending on the purpose behind the writing. Somemagazines it can make the piece a bit confusing, as if the speaker is distracted. However, I think that using different tones in the same voice makes that voice seem more human, more real, more identifiable. Basically, it makes me kindred the writing more, even if it is poorly through. After all, when I talk or write to someone, the conversation wanders and emotions change. If the writing does that as well, I feel as if I screw a real soulfulness. I know that when I write my tone changes as I write, in particular if there are other things going on at the time I write. And it always seems as if there is something around to distract me. specially when there are other people with me, like right now. I wonder why its so loud. Speakers He g ets so upset oer speakers Sometimes I just dont understand why he continues to sully things like speakers, hi-fi VCRs, and stereo components if they cause him to get angry like this. He says he enjoys adding to his entertainment center, but I find that punishing to believe. He gets mad every single time he tries to come up the things up. And then, he thinks Im the one who is getting upset. Please In case he hasnt noticed, I dont like to be snapped at for no reason, just because hes mad that everything isnt going perfectly. I cant wait until hes finished Oh, well, at least(prenominal) hes done moving furniture. Sorry about that. I just got so mad, and since I was writing at the time, let my situation into the paper. It does, however, show what I was dictum at first. While I am still the same person I was at the beginning, my tone definitely changed. Yet it doesnt even take a subject change to make the tone change. Even if I continue to write about my boyfriend, who is the guy u p there with the electronics addiction, my unit tone could change while I write about him. Because you know that if he is my boyfriend I must like him at least a little. Actually, its kind of amazing that were still together.

Dantes Inferno Essay -- essays papers

Dantes Inferno In The Inferno, by Dante some(prenominal) of the sinners punishments are questionable to the sins theyve committed. Like Dante, one feels great pity for numerous of the sinners that exist in all of the levels of Hell. Many of their retri exclusivelyions seem much similarly severe for some of the sins that just dont seem that dire. Francesca and Paolo di Rimini discombobulate no control over the love that develops between the both of them, but are forced to spend eternity in the Second spread of Hell. The sinners in this area of Hell, the lustful, experience an eternity of torrential rain deign and extremely powerful winds, which toss the souls of these sinners throughout the air. After reading of Lancelot and Guinevere twain Francesca and Paolo realize that theyre situation is just like theirs. Francesca does begin having an thing with her husbands younger, better-looking brother but how could either of the two resist a feeling like that? Lust, yea h its selfish, and perchance it hurts others but if one doesnt give in to its lustful feelings that they too may get hurt. Her husband take...

On the Rainy River Essay -- Literary Analysis, OBrien

Life can produce unexpected events that individuals might not be prepared to confront. This was the case of OBrien in the story, On the Rainy River from the book The Things They Carried. As an author and spirit OBrien describes his experiences slightly the Vietnam War. In the story, he faces the mesh of whether he should or should not go to war after being drafted. He could not imagine how tough fighting must be, without knowing how to fight, and the reason for much(prenominal) a war. In addition, OBrien is terrified of the idea of leaving his family, friends and everything he loves behind. He decides to run away from his responsibility with the society. However, a feeling of demean and embarrassment makes him go to war. OBrien considers himself a coward for doing something he does not entertain with on the early(a) hand, thinking around the outcome of his decision makes him a brave man. Therefore, an individual that considers the consequences of his acts is nobler th an a war hero. The Vietnam War was a conflict that many people did not comprehend. In fact, the war was atrocious and bloody. harmonize to The Vietnam War a History in Documents, 58,000 US soldier died and to a greater extent than 700,000 came back with physical and emotional marks (Young, Fitzgerald & Grunfeld 147). For many Americans this war was meaningless. In the same way, OBrien admits, American war in Vietnam seemed to me wrong certain blood was being shed for uncertain reason (40). OBrien believes the war was not significance. Furthermore, the lack of logic in the matter makes him confused about acquittance to war. Thats why, he does not understand why he was sent to fight a war for which causes and effects were uncertain. The author continues by saying, I was too good for... ...hermore, going to war was an act of cowardice. He had to put aside his morals and principles and fight a war he did not believe in. Overall, the author showed us the courageous and coward s acts of OBrien the character. The fact that he was a coward made him do a dauntless act. OBrien made the valiant decision to go to war. It would have been easier and pusillanimous to jump and swim away from all his fears. However he inflexible to turn back, and fight for something he did not believe in. Thinking about the consequences of running away makes him a hero. He went to war not because he wanted to fight for his country, but for his own freedom. Either choice he could have made would take some kind of courage to post out. Going to war required some sort of fearlessness. In other words, running away from the law would have been brave but going to war was even tougher.