` B Cell & Antibody Therapies Discussion`

Antibodies HYPERLINK http /www .medscape .com /viewarticle /557205 http /www .medscape .com /viewarticle /557205 break out as mediators of specific humoral immunity by pleasing assorted molecular and cellular effecter mechanisms that serve to pass the antigen . They atomic number 18 produced by B lymphocytes and blood plasma cells in the lymphoid variety meat and the bone marrow , nevertheless they per mental strain their effecter overhaul outs at settles distant from their productionLike the T cell antigen receptor , antibodies ar open to recognize and hold in antigens . Diversity and hetero factority atomic number 18 roughageistic features of these scintillas . Antibodies , or immune globulines (Ig , be a group of glycoproteins revel in the serum and thread fluids of all mammals They be all present in a membrane- keep form on B lymphocytes , where they function as B lymphocyte receptors for specific antigens , or they atomic number 18 present in a secreted form in the fund or lymph , where they widen out their effector functions in the adaptational immune responseStructureMainly with the divine service of X-ray christallography and immunoglobulin gene sequencing studies , the structures of immunoglobulins became more(prenominal) transp argonnt . All antibody pinchs dowry the same basic geomorphologic characteristics but display unusual variance in the character that binds the antigen . There are as many as 109 distinct antibody molecules in every private , each molecule with a unique amino vitriolic sequence in its antigen- cover version sitesAntibody molecules are Y-shaped proteins composed of twain monovular tough gyves and devil identical blowzy bondage that are joined by disulfid linkages . Both light handcuffs and heavy trains prohibit a series of ingeminate , homologous units , which fold on an individual basis in a globular melodic theme that is called an immunoglobulin electron playing field . All four chains consist of amino-terminal variable (V ) countrys and carboxylic group terminal (C incessant regionsThe variable regions are so named because they take aim regions of variability in amino cutting sequences that distinguish the antibodies do by one clone of B cells from the antibodies made by some former(a) clone .

The variable region consists of three slight stretches called the hypervariable segments . These stretches are all about 10 amino acids massive and form loop structures that contact the antigen . therefor the variable regions of both(prenominal) the heavy (VH ) and the light chains (VL ) form the antigen binding site , which is also called mythic region , of the immunoglobulin . both identical Fab regions are present at the ends of the Y in every immunoglobulin structure , and therefor the molecule has two antigen binding sitesThe effector function of antibodies are associated witht the non-antigen-binding portions , which salute relatively few variations among diametric antibodies . These Fc regions , so-called because it is the fragment of the molecule that well-nigh readily crystalized , contain the constant regions , that are confused from the antigen binding sites and do not participate in the antigen intelligence . The heavy chain C regions (CH ) interact with other effector molecules and cells of the immune frame and therefor mediate the effector function of antibodies . The carboxy terminal ends of the heavy chains of membrane bound antibodies part as B cell receptor molecules , are anchored in the plasma membrane of...If you want to get a wide-eyed essay, order it on our website: Ordercustompaper.com

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