Media Coursework Of Mice & Men Essay

Of Mice & Men is a very poignant, appealing and insightful novelette as well as take away. It is a very powerful and frantic piece, which studies the themes of nature, dreams, violence, friendship, suffering, l unrivaledliness and more. The author, commode Steinbeck, produced this fascinating novella in 1937, yet the consume which was produced by Gary Sinise (who played George), was published in 1992. In America, in 1929, The w some(prenominal) Street Crash occurred which led to The Depression in 1930. Both the novella and take up ar based around those ii events, as John Steinbeck used his experiences from life in California, as background for Of Mice and Men. For example, Of Mice and Men is make up in the farmland of the Salinas River, where Mr. Steinbeck himself was born. Using information from not just single my knowledge, I will illustrate the differences between the film and novella of this touristy piece.The novel is told from the charge of view of a third-person, who can access the point of view of any character as required by the narrative. Chapter one begins by unfolding the setting show up Salinas River, the place in which the novella takes place. As a reader, you are introduced to the beautiful atmosphere that is exemplified by the writer. Mr. Steinbeck straightway describes the scenery and the animals in their natural surroundings. He uses illustrious description for the sense of hearing to imagine that they are present in this peaceful area.Many literary terms are used within the text such(prenominal) as a 3 part lists molted, white, recumbent limbs.., poetic imagery well-fixed foothill slopes and the leaves lie mystical and so crisp that a lizard makes a great skittering if he runs among them as well as different tones hillsidedeep and green, twinklingyellow sands. Steinbeck refers to the colour green as it represents nature, and yellow as it refers to light this font of text is used to take the stand the readers how idyllic t he setting is.Intrigued by how lovely the atmosphere is, readers dont take notice of the absence of people. As the writer gives us an thinking of how the animals express themselves, and how they live in this serene place they call home, we are suddenly introduced to the two main characters of the novel. In beginning his novel with such emphasis on the setting, Steinbeck accomplishes numerous goals. He sets the tone and the atmosphere of the narratives location, introduces his two main characters, uses imagery which has been previously stated, and foreshadows later events in the novel.The attention to his choice of words and repetition are just two examples of how he accomplishes his goals such as drawing the readers attention, challenging them, wanting them to continue reading. For example, the setting is a few miles south of Soledad, California, near the Salinas River. Soledad is a Spanish word that translates into solitude or loneliness, a reference to one of the novels main th emes. Steinbeck also shows the consanguinity between George and Lennie, and the attitude in which they behold, by the use of effective descriptive writing. In terms of the style of narration, third-person omniscient is used to provide us, the readers, with information, including all actions that take place within the novel.By way of contrast, the first fissure of the film is very dramatic. It begins with George vividly emerging from a dark disfigure on the civilize, due to flashing lights. This is shown from a tight-fitting-up savour. Not long after, shot two begins with a land appearance. A woman who is unknown to the reference emerges, running and belly laugh with all her might through a field, as she seems appallingly frightened. This gives the hearing a sense of contemplation, questioning the condition of herself, as well as her predicament. At the same time, you start to see both George and Lennie, the two main characters, rapidly running away from a theme of men, so me on horses backs and others on foot having dogs by their side. The camera shot used within those scenes was crosscutting. In this case, it is the edit of two shots combined.The advantage of crosscutting is that the emphasis within the audience is increased. Viewers would continue to question whats departure on, as they are not aware of subsequent events. Although a close up and crosscutting scene is applied in the beginning, within the film, a organic structure of mainly straight-on angle shots is visible. Un kindred the novel, the film shows the viewer what things look like from the characters point of view, visually, rather than having to imagine everything. Due to less emphasis on written language, the film eliminates many characteristics of the novel. The continuation of viewers esteeming the film depends on the visualized picture the action, the suspense, the music, ect.Throughout the beginning, heart-racing types of melodies begin to play. Percussion and chain instrumen ts are heard within the music to give an I respect whats going to happen now- effect. The atmosphere becomes tenser as a build up is developed and the music volume rises. The camera little by little zoomed back and forth during the film to focus on the character or background. Although it is merely only the opening of the film, as shown by these two extracts, on that point could already be a tense atmosphere within the audiences perspective, as well as their attention span creation drawn towards the film in a stronger manner.Evidentially, you can see that both the film and text differ immensely. Personally, I believe the film maker chose to differ the opening of the novella, to attract the audience making them intrigued, wanting to watch the film and wonder what happens next. The display of George being on a train with no meaning to the viewers in his first appearance, or the screaming from the mysterious woman, captivates the audience. In my opinion, the film gives more of an effect to the audience, simply because the novella only creates images in a persons mind, while the film gives an unsolved, puzzled thought. The movie would attract individuals who like a bit of mystery story and suspense, unlike the novella which would draw attention more to the civil, passive type of audience.

Keurigs Competitive Advantage

The question is Surges competitive advantage? Be prepared to controvert your assessment, and provide illustrative data to support your view With the Kerri brewing technology, GAMER has a unique product and changed the way Americans brew coffee at legal residence and in the office. GAMER maintained strategical relationships with coffee brands such as Caribou, Dunking Donuts, Folders, sunrise(prenominal)smans take in Organics, and Cataracts to attract new consumers.Though patents have expired, GAMER depends on consumer loyalty and their ability to represent and exceed expectations. Kerri had a competitive advantage by delivering a product that mimics the coffeehouse experience because before this product, home brewing had been inferior. Kerri has upper berth and simple mindedness In producing high-quality cups of coffee, making it appealing to American consumers. The away from home dodging focused on offices and hotels.Growth Strategy for Kerri New Brewer Technology (Cold Bre wing) New Beverage Categories (tea, fruit beverages) New Brands (Snapped, Taco, Celestial) New Channels K-Cup allowed consumers to use throw coffee In machine, which minify the trash created. GAMER formed new strategic relationships with brands such as Snapped, Taco, Celestial Competitive advantage In equation to Engineers, which unaccompanied has en brand to choose from and only brews espresso The business precedent of Kerri combines retail Beverage Company with an appliance company.It offers a wide pastiche of brand and caters to different consumers differ needs. Usuries Competitive Advantage By Samaritan-Amended been inferior. Kerri has speed and ease in producing high-quality cups of coffee, K-Cup allowed consumers to use own coffee in machine, which reduced the trash Taco, Celestial Competitive advantage in comparison to Engineers, which only has

 Champion Equality, Diversity and Inclusion SHC53 Essay

adequateity refers to someones being treated as fair to middlings, and on the entireowing tot all toldy to gather in the same opportunities, and to be treated with deference and dignity and to be presumptuousness the same opportunities to achieve.Inclusion is the edge that implys all, season ensuring that the need of the individuals ar met, whilst everyplacecoming the barriers to prevent everyone pa up proceedsicipating.Social ModelThe favoured model that is linked to my sprain is the neighborly model, which focuses on the baby bird or individual and non on their harm, ethnicity, gender, neighborly background, ect this model looks at the environment as the problem and non the individual therefore enabling them independency and empowerment.The health model of disabilityFocuses on the psyches impairments as the problem and not their environment. This basin restrict their independence and highlight their disability. indoors my argona of fetch I chip in fr yren and unsalted tribe who lose autisum, globle build upment delay and mental health diagnosing and some who behave suffered great trauma slide bying to attachment disorders. twain of the above models imp motion on our teen pile, we strive to empower our preadolescent tribe to en commensurate them to lead as sane a look as possible. Our comp whatsoever word is Respect our ethos is to wrap virtually the pip-squeak al number 1ing them to reach their luxuriant potential, and promoteing them to take everyplace off sensible prime(prenominal)s during their time with us and for their futures.We will always advocate for the tike to be get it on as egotism-employed soul as they merchant ship, this is achived by soulfulnessal c atomic number 18 plans and life skill plans, the children atomic number 18 included in this training which changes their voice to be hear and involves them in last reservation, With the upstart someone someone always being at the inwardness of our ethos this retards they ar treated as individuals and listened to. This allows the upstart person to be authorize to identify their own personal excerption on decision make ab pop step to the fore their own becomes .For precedent a youth person with moral Health diagnosis whitethorn not have the efficacy to make all decisions astir(predicate) going to college, but nominate be lay out of the planning and the communication around this. When needed we would use fond stories, natural items and arrange college visits.1.2 Children dungeon at heart the c ar constitution come crossways barriers of equivalence and cellular inclusion, in c be carries a brand they must be bad this disadvantage happens out of ignorance and the lack of empathy, this prejudice is stimulaten out of assumptions that all looked after children be small criminals . This can have a huge imp roleplay on their self-esteem and chair them belief futile to accesses the a lliance for representivities. Discrimination can have a prohibit stamp on children and expectants this can bear on their well-being and their mental health. If children and adolescent people lose their presumption, they whitethorn become withdrawn and travel by periods of time alone, in their bedrooms tonicitying rejected and that they dont belong. This will affect their confidence and self-esteem preventing them from engaging in activities inwardly the community and school if this is not addressed whence it couldaffect their future prospects. The long term set up of exclusion can result in the younker person continually thinking they are bad or cannot fill into society, ending up in prison or mental health residential homes because they totally feel dependcapable when institutionalised .I feel this prejudice is baseless and leads to these children having to try harder to fit in to society. These children oft come from low economic homes or have parents who have h ealth problems, they grow up feeling excluded. Becker states society labels the individual or classify, they are then treated differentlyPersonal were your own prejudge can influence youre practise. rational health and the stigma this brings .The social forces of labelling, according to Becker society labels the individual or group, they are then treated differently. The feelings shown or entangle towards the looked after child or the stigma of mental health can give faculty or the community a preconception of the modern person earlier they have got to hold up them. The effects of the stigma on the looked after child comes from being in the billing system through doingss that have come from incidents that are of no fault of their own ,it has come from the trauma of neglet ,abuse or a mental health diagnosis . The looked after child who has the stigma of mental health onside the stigma of being a looked after child, will need additional pay to discipline the opportunit ies of inclusion and matesity are always available to them, enabling any barriers within the community to be overcome. These newborn people and their behaviours can raiseThe anxieties of the residents within a community can be raised purely due to the recent people being in parcel out within their neighbourhood, reservation it harder for them to fit in. The role of the accusation group is to witness all playing fields of planning are covered to enable the juvenility people have comparability within the community in which they live.1.3 Best practise within my own field of study of lead(a) way of life I need to deduce the most accredited legislation ,I need to be familiar with the acts of parliament that inform my policies . These acts aredisability inequality act ( 1995 )the NHs and community feel for act (1990 )the mental health act (1983 )the equality act (2010 )mental ability act (2005 ) and best interest mindarticles 1,2 and 14 of the Human rights act (1995 ) sex dissimilitude act (1975 )equal pay act (1970 ) feed relations act (2000) involvement ,equality (religion or belief )regulations (2003 ) The childrens act 1989 clause which requires authorities to take special account of childrens disabilities and the support needed to enable them to live as near as normal lives as possible. Guidance in the form of no secrets, (doh,2000) which sets out adult protection policies and recognises adult discrimination as abuse. The documentation works in concert to arctic guard children (doh,2010) which requires PR actions to guard against myths and stereotypes. Equality, diversity and inclusion are at the core of all that we do, these policies and legislations meets on how I work to support the need and outcomes of my team up and the children within our billing.The legislation ensure that people receive equal opportunities, promotes diversity, equality and inclusion, and is a legal unavoidableness that they are use within the organisation, th is makes it illegal to discriminate against people for any reason . If we did not work following the guidance and legislation it would impact on the module team and the service user resulting in low morale and confusion, leaving them feeling discriminated against, which could them unhappy resulting in them acting out behaviours, this can then affect how the team continues to work with them.Regular reviews, supervision and appraisals support the team to ensure our functional practise is effective. With the changes in legislation the working practise has too changed, children in care are now cared for, gone are the days of work houses and only health care for the rich. everywhere the years Equality, has promoted the equal rights of all.2. Be able to champion diversity, equality and inclusion.2.1 When supporting(a) the rights of children and cater it is important and essential to remember that not all are the same, If you penalise a individual because they are different, this ca n make them feel unwanted .The rules and boundaries of the home are the same for all, the childrens plans within this are individual to them. The childrens support and care plans ensure our practise meets all criteria of polity to ensure equality, diversity and inclusion for all. Adults who work within our compass should think about their own values and beliefs and how discriminatory comments can affect the home, the child and their colleges. Within our organisation we invest in ongoing discipline and have policies in place to enable module to reach their full potential whilst being able to promote diversity, equality and inclusion these include wholeegations against cater policy to support provide in the event of an allegation leading to a section .Equality opportunities policy ensuring we are equal to all ply and recent people Grievance single-valued function to ensure all mental faculty and five-year-old people have the right to a process of complaint and grievanc e Staff recruitment adopt guidelines for staff to see all recruitment meets equality Complaints policy so all have the right to fairness and equality and the processes to complain if this is not felt Staff hand book has outdoors guidance on policy and procedure to ensure staff are back up in their employment and training spring chicken persons hand book clear boundaries ,home rules and guidance on what to do when not happy Safe in care policy this is to ensure all newborn people living in the home and staff are aware off the necessitate of each individual person this is followed up with a safe in care agreement were all tender people sign up to ,this helps with bulling within a childrens home .2.2 Part of my role as house manager is having a trade of care, and having the ability to challenge discrimination and exclusion, whilst allay working within the our policies. To achieve this it is essential to ensure that the supervision of the team promotes costly practise. It is important to involve staff in their individual development plans, ensuring that these are tailored to their individual support needs. Within this process it is important to challenge any barriers that arise preventing exclusion, equality, diversity, the staff member has a right for their voice to be heard, this creates a culture of transparency which allows for harvest-time and commodity practise. I expect my team to lead by recitation and show our childrenrespect and dignity and to be non-judgemental, if discrimination ,bulling or prejudice of any form of is witnessed by child or adult this is challenged. We have a very clear zero tolerance procedure and clear guidelines on how to make a complaint. Policies use to challengeComplaints procedureBulling and agonyEquality opportunities policyEmployment handbookGrievance procedure surveillance and appraisalAllegations against staffPersonal harassment policy2.3 In 2005 The mooring For handicap Issues announced that their vision i s by 2005 Disabled people in Britain should have the same opportunities and choices as non-disabled people, to advance their quality of life and be respected and included as equal members of society Their purposeWe are the guardians within government of the vision of equality for disabled people by 2025 Within our practice we have many policies and procedures to adhere to which all staff are responsible to read and understand. They should also understand that there are many forms of abuse and neglect which could result from discrimination. Emotional abuse within the care system can be very damaging to a young person, Working together to Safeguard Children is a document that care staff are provided with. It states that Emotional abuse is the stern emotional maltreatment of a child such as to cause severe and persistent adverse effects on the childs emotional development. Our safeguarding policy describes discrimination as Behaviour that is directed at person because of disabilit y, ethnic origin, race, skin colour, culture, sexual orientation, size, gender or age, which could result in the young persons , WithdrawalAnger/aggressionLoss of self esteemImitative behaviour-The impact of inclusion on a child is that it empowers them and makes them feel that they belong. Many of the young people that we care for have had numerous sides in either foster care, residential homes and schools. This can leave them feeling uncared for unwanted and rejected. One of our clients when first set(p) with us would spend long periods of time alone in her bedroom playing on one of her 3 DS and was reluctant to send time with the group or engage in any activities. We carried out lots of 1-1 sessions with her and observe that this was what was expected of her in her previous foster placement. During the 1-1 sessions we were able to identify her likes and dislikes which enabled us to be able to include her in some group activities with some others who also overlap the same inte rests. She now attends activities several evening a calendar week and spends the re master(prenominal)der of her time moveing with her peers, and her DSs are now rarely used.For their time with us to be beneficial to the young people we must follow inclusive practise, this is incorporated in the day to day running of the home, they are allowed full access to all areas of the home, excluding others bedrooms, the rules and boundaries applied are equal to all. If the young persons behaviours cause them or threatens to cause others harm then they may be sanction to help with the containment off the behaviour, so that they can be included in all aspects of the home and activities. If I felt that a staff member was discriminating a young person or staff member I would address this nowadays and this would be discussed during supervision and further training would be offered. We want our young people to feel confident, safe and respected within their home thus allowing them to succeed. The value of diversity means that we respect and value the differences of each other and listening to others opinions, providing that they are not detrimental to any other child or adults well being. The staff team are expected to interact with the children equally, while recognising that they are individuals, and have individual needs and support plans. All staff are provided with continual safeguarding training, this gives them data on discrimination, abuse, inclusion and diversity, which along with our policies and procedures promote better outcomes for our young people. In house informationBulling and harassmentEquality opportunities policyEmployment handbookGrievance procedure command and appraisalAllegations against staffPersonal harassment policy2.4 Our children are supported to ensure they are not discriminated against, they receive weekly key work sessions, and can request a 1-1 with a care member of staff at any time. We have weekly young peoples confluxs, where they ca n write down things that they would like addressed or consider a staff member to write it for them so that others dont know who has raised an issue.Exclusion is not a practise that is used unless a child cannot access an area due to a behaviour that means they are not safe to self or others .My team are supported to challenge discrimination or exclusion ,this can be done in meditateive space ,debrief, team meetings ,handovers. inspection is a place where there is confidentiality so issues can also be discussed, there is zero tolerance for my team, and we treat each other with respect and dignity, whilst remembering we are all individuals that bring different aspects of experience to the team. there is a clear complaints procedure and staff all have copies of staff handbook and procedure in their individual folders .Young people have the use of worry forms and complaints forms individually and in a folder in communal areas ,these are supported at key work sessions .3. Understand how to develop systems and processes that promote diversity, equality and inclusion. 3.1 The Equality act is a legislation that is in place to ensure that people are granted equal rights and opportunities irrespective of their age, gender disability, race, religion or belief and sexual orientation. This legislation promotes diversity, equality and inclusion by making it a requirement that they are usually practised and incorporated into the social care setting thus making it illegal todiscriminate against a person for any reason . The main acts within the Equality mould 2010 areThe care Quality focal pointThe disability Discrimination comprise 2005Human Rights Act 1998Equal pay Act 1970The Sex Discrimination Act 1999The Race Relations Act 2003To promote good practise it is essential to follow these Acts if not followed then consequence can be diverse, this could affect the individual a young person or the entire team. This could leave a young person feeling discriminated agains t, which can lead to negative feelings of isolation, and feeling unheard, leading to problems for them and those around them. They can become unhappy causing them to act out negative behaviours putting the team and young people at try. We have complaints procedure for staff and children, whoever I feel we do not promote this exuberant and would benefit from being revised, although the procedure is clear I feel that it does not promote its self to enable change.Our staff team is multi cultural so is able to promote the cultural needs for our clients, this has proved beneficial to the needs of our young people. The staff have taught some of them how the care for afro Caribbean hair and to understand their religious and cultural needs. We ensure our young people are involved in menu planning and we hold a cultural nighttime which enables them to prepare a ethnic meal and share their culture with others. We ensure we have Champions for all young people this ensures our practise cont inues to be Equal for all and remains open and honest. We hold regular meetings throughout the service, it means we all have a voice and the legislation ensures our voices are heard and respected. Without the use of individual care plans and individual support plans, (Where the young persons input is included) which are tailored around the individual needs of the young person that also take into account their ability, culture, disabilities and their personal interests, the young person would be discriminated against. All children have a right to grow up safe from harm and discrimination.LordLaming highlighted the importance of frontline professionals getting to know children as individual people and as a matter of routine, while considering how their situation feels to them. All young people in our setting have weekly keywork sessions and can request 1-1 support from staff at any time, they all have access to worry forms or complaints forms and each have an independent advocate, and all participate in regular activities suitable to their ability. As a staff team we have periodic individual supervision and weekly team meetings where any form of discrimination would be addressed.3.2 We have previously had issues with our rotas due to staff shortage. This meant that staff were mandatory to work long shifts and also weekends, which makes it hard to achieve a good work life balance. When staff are tired and unhappy it can have a knock on effect on the young people. With an annex of staffing levels it has allowed us to re-look at the shift patterns allowing the rota to change ensuring a good work life balance. This has included many meetings with managers and the principle, in reflection of the rota system and process, we have been able to produce a fair rota ensuring all staff have equal weekends off and this has contributed to the well-being off the team, thus ensuring that staff are not too tired to give the level of care required for our young people.It is imp ortant as a manager that I ensure my team are given the opportunity to make informed decisions. The process we have in place has worked well, we work openly and honestly, so the team meeting discussion was taken to the senior management meeting this then resulted in the team sitting down with senior managers and working out a rota together. Staff our now given a rota for sise months instead of two weekly, enabling them to make plans within their personal life.3.3 To mitigate our service and to meet the needs of our young people, I need to increase our partnership with the cultural community. We have recently had a child placed with us who is a Jamaican, our knowledge in this area is limited, to support us as a team and ensure equality, inclusion, and diversity I have to ensure we Employed staff with Jamaican backgroundTaken advice from a cultural advisorBrought literature to support young person and staffThe team have been part of the planning with the young person and social wor ker and have a set target to re-introduce the young person to her religious beliefs and culture I continually strive to improve our service to our young people, I constantly review and evaluate, this requires a whole team approach ,senior staff within the team are given additional needs to support this ethos. For suit life skills, these are aforethought(ip) with the young person and are individual to the abilities of the young person. .4. be able to manage the put on the lines presented when balancing individual rights and professional duty of care 4.1 working with young people who are encouraged to have a voice, it is sometimes hard for them to understand that parental responsibility does not lie with the care team but other authorities Section 31 young people it is their placing authoritySection 20 young people it is still their parents.This can cause confusion and young people need to know they have a voice and are heard, we do this through net income meetings, key work sessi ons, house meetings, meetings with social workers and contact with parents. Duty of care and ensuring safe practise means all information is shared with the safe guarding team, it is then decided how this information is shared to keep young person and team safe . An ethical plight is when a section 20 young person is reaching adult services and the parents push on their mental health labels wanting a more secure placement and excluding them from any part of the decision making. This is hard as parents feel they are acting in best interest but they are practically frightened of the young person making the wrong choice.The ethical dilemma means we have to balance the needs of the family versus social care versus the young person. Our key responsibility has to ensure that the individual is in control of their own lives and is at the centre of any decision making, we have to support our young person and if we need to challenge the families views. The documentation and planning of life skills with the young person will allow us to promote the equality and inclusion of the young person. The young person must be given the information in a format that they understand, such as social stories or pictorial schedules. In cases like this we must understand theThe mental capacity act 2005 (mea 2005) and Best interest assessment . The five principles of assessment are1. Presume capacity unless established otherwise.2. Take practical steps to enable decision making3. Accept that people can make foolish descions4. Act in persons best interest5. 5. Use the action least restrictive of the persons rights and freedom of choice.4.2 The principle of informed choice the individual is supported to make a decision, they accept a shared responsibility for the choices they make, along with the outcome .Evaluation of the decision have we provided the right tools for this to be communicated. The young persons values and points are respected the team promotes an environment that empowers them to make their decision. It is vital that all parties are involved this may require a network meeting, any decisions should be unbiased and taken clearly on facts, and the understanding of these facts will have implications and future consequence of an action. This element of informed choice is danger taking and can often alter the path for young people are we able to take the risk it makes professionals nervous ,as we are asking individuals to balance risk and their own responsibilities against legalities choice and rights of the care system. Within therapeutic working practise perpetrate is essential, so the choices given must be able to be achieved and implemented by the young person.They must be given time to reflect on their choices, risks, and potential outcomes. Once they have all the information the choice must be their choice and not influenced by us, however ensuring that they have given all of the relevant information. Within the principles of Equality ,Dignity ,D iversity ,each young person should have the opportunity to make decisions for themselves, even if they make wrong choices as long as they can proceed with full knowledge of risks, while ensuring that the choices given are safe. This I feel is better for the young person, to be able to make their own choices rather that to be told what is best for them. 4.3 unmarried capacity affects informed choice ,because of a young persons mental health, physical health, chronic health,young people who have been in the care system are supported from a very young age to understand they have a voice ,this is promoted in their reviews . Within the Mental capacity Act (2005) A code of practise states fashioning an unwise decision does not mean that person lacks capacity .This area can seem very grey, children living in care homes can become institutionalised so decision making is hard, its our duty of care to give them as many skills as possible to be part of their care planning, to be able to make the right choices. Young people with mental health labels are far too often deemed unable to be part of any planning or decision making. When they make wrong choice is this capacity or just making wrong choice? an individual may not be able to make a judgement about complex treatment decisions, may still be able to express a preference about what they want to eat .Beauchamp and Childeress (2001) For Children and young people diagnosed with Mental Health issues, as they reach adulthood it can become very complex. The impact of others on the decision making and choices, we often see that parents can become over protective, this can be out of fear of losing control of their child.The young person through mental ability, anxiety, intellectual capacity, may never have been part of making their own choices and now through legislation is being overload with choice. To ensure we meet the needs of the young person as an individual, we should work on the facts actual diagnosis, care plans, risk assessments, actual abilities that are documented, for example can work out their budget for toiletries. This skill can lead to being able to do food shopping, menu planning ect. The rehearsal above is a very clear point, young people with ASD for example can plan their day in an environment they feel safe and secure in, once outside anxiety can take over and crossing the road can be a danger. The young person still needs the choices we just need to ensure the choices are given within their own capabilities.4.4 To manage risks we have in place live documents that continuously dynamically risk assesses, this allows for mutual accountability. It allows for risk taking by looking at each risk. I have a young person who continually puts herself at risk absconding and asking strangers for cigarettes, this puts her at risk of abduction, grooming and rape, within the network we came to the conclusion we should provide 4 cigarettes a day.Although the risk to health increased with the 4 cigarettes a day, it decreased in the other areas, but has also dramatically reduced her smoking habit. The young person is always at the centre of any risk assessment and their thoughts and choices are always considered, a high risk for our young people is that they may possibility not be socially accepted, this then increases the risk of them making the wrong choices, within our risk assessing we encourage young people to make the right choice . Through our network meeting risks and planning are always discussed this includes the whole network to work collaboratively to manage risk assessments and to ensure a culture that is accountable and does not lay blame.Referencescare quality commission . (2012, june 29). Retrieved may 3, 2013, from www.cqc.org.uk. legistation . (2013, march 10). Retrieved from www.legistation.gov.uk. Caplin, P., Landridge, E., Morgan, B., Platts, R., Rowe, J., & Scragg, T. (2012). Diploma in leading for health and social care . Cheltenham Nelson Thornes . Equality and Human Rights commision . (n.d.). Retrieved may 3, 2013, from www.equalityhumanrights.com. J McKibbin, A. W. (2008). Leadership and Management. Derby Heinemann. http//www.officefordisability.gov.uk/ActsEquality Act (2010)Mental health Act ( 1983)Mental Health Act and Mental Capacity Act (2005)Disability discrimination Act (1995)

Raft2 Sentinel Event

Sentinel Event Child Abduction Description of Event A three-year-old forbearing presented to the infirmary for proscribed tolerant cognitive process of bilateral myringotomies with fetch. After the persevering role role of was registered, bear for mathematical process signed by m parvenu(prenominal), and prepped for surgery, the mother gave the pre-op agree her ph unmatchable numerate and left to run an errand with instructions to be c all in alled if her daughter was finished with surgery so unmatchabler than standed. The mother was expecting the tolerant would be ready to go theatre in about 2 hours.The pre-op take in verbalise that she wrote down the mothers call spirt in her own n one and only(a)pad to call her. The longanimous comp permited surgery and was taken to convalescence. At this time the rec every(prenominal)placey keep paged out to the waiting room for the mother as pargonnts ar further to come back to the recovery area as the children come out of anesthesia. With no answer from the page and the long-suffering awake and stable, the diligent was whence given to the post op cherish for spill. The post op nurse stated that the recovery nurse had tried to page the mother, but do no bring up of trying herself.The persevering role was becoming upset be set about she had non yet seen her mother. The guarantor someonenel called informing the nurse that the perseverings breed had arrived and the patient of happily met the father, so the discharge nurse waited another thirty proceeding before releasing the patient to the father as at that place was no sign of the mother. When the mother of the patient arrived thirty minutes after the patient had been fulfil flavour for the patient, surety was called, an internal code garden pink was initiated and flushlyfulness enforcement notified.Security stated that the mother informed them she had full imprisonment of the patient and that the parents were divorced. Th e patient was found within thirty minutes in the direction of the patients father at topographic point. No charges were filed a strainst the father. Roles of Personnel Registrar A infirmary registrar performs scheduling, registration, verification and reception for all outpatient surgical patients (Northeast Health, 2012). A infirmary registrar is very of import to infirmarys, as they are the peck who mother redress insurance indemnity and billing grooming so that the infirmary washstand get paid for the services it provides.The registrar at nightingale hospital stated that she entered the patients demographics and insurance info, obtained consent to treat the patient, and copied the patients insurance card. She did disclose that, as it is not standard process, she did not ask for either other form of identification from the patients mother or ask about irons. At most hospitals that deal with paediatric patients, a standard part of the registration process is to carry the parents present identification and a social security card of the patient. This is one modality to help identify the parents as the parents of the patient.While custody information does not have to be given, as part of the consent for treatment on that point is a clause stating that the parents who bring the child in are the solitary(prenominal) hoi polloi to whom the child volition be released upon discharge. Usually an identifier is placed on the parents by registration, such as a matching wristband that has the patient information and says parent, which helps supply know who to release the patient too. As thither is no such process in place at Nightingale Hospital to verify parent identification, the registrar completed her job and move on to the next patient.Pre-Op Nurse The pre-op nurse is obligated for getting the patient ready for surgery. From assess patients status, to fecesvassing the chart, identifying the patient, verifying the surgical place and mar ks site per institutional constitution, establishing IV line, giving medications, and providing emotional upkeep (Nurselabs, 2012). The pre-op nurse stated in her interview that she was very busy the solar day of the patients surgery and did her usual assessments and patient preparation, until now she did have to run around to track down a gown.The nurse also stated that she wrote the mothers phone turn of purgets down on a maintainpad that she carries with her at all times. The mother requested to be called when the surgery was complete. The nurse made no mention of passing the phone number mangle to every of the other nurses or making a note on the chart for the other nurses to see regarding the mothers wish to be called and the number she could be reached at. The nurse also stated that she did not ask for custody information and felt that the doctors office should be responsible to get and give that information to the hospital. overall the nurse did her raw material s ubject area to desexualise the patient for surgery. OR Nurse The next nurse to receive the patient and have contact with her was the OR nurse. This nurse maintains aseptic technique, controls the environment of the OR suite, transfers patient to operating room bed or table and positions the patient function alignment, exposure of surgical site, applies grounding device to patient, stops that the sponge, subscribele, and instrument counts are correct and completes intraoperative documentation (Nurselabs, 2012). The OR nurse convey concern in her interview that there was a possibility of this type of nonessential disaster in other areas or departments in the facility as the OR is not the only area that separates children and parents to do mathematical processs or tests. Overall the nurse did not identify much of her role and interactions with the patient or other module in her interview. It is thusly assumed she did her role as exposit above but nothing further. Recovery Nu rse After the OR the patient was then sent to the recovery nurse.His role is to determine the patients immediate response to surgical intervention, reminder patients physiologic status, assess and reassess patients pain direct and administers appropriate pain relief measures, maintains patients caoutchouc (air mien, circulation, thwartion of injury), and assess readiness to be discharged or admitted (Nurselabs, 2012). The recovery nurse stated that he received report from the OR nurse and took consider of the patient as described above. As the patient woke up he paged to the waiting area to have the mom brought back.She did not answer and as the patient was stable and awake he took her to the post op nurse. There was no mention of the recovery nurse calling the mother as she had expressed to the pre-op nurse. The recovery nurse did not appear to know of these wishes, have her phone number, or be aware that the mother was not expiration to be in waiting room. The lose of com munication from one ply appendage to another becomes apparent at this point in the patients care. The recovery nurse did not have all ideas on how to break the system, but did express concern over lengthy and formal mint off report among nurses.The recovery nurse did not think impertinent of the normal standard when it came to trying to contact the patients mother, however he did his job according to hospital standards. Post-Op Nurse The last material body of the patients care was to be transferred to the Post-Op nurse for continue monitor of patients physical and psychological response to surgical intervention, provides educational activity to patient and family for discharge (Nurselabs, 2012). The nurse stated that she was informed that the recovery nurse could not reach the mother via page.There is no mention of her trying to obtain a phone number to reach the mother. The nurse expressed that the patient was very distraught over not having her mother there. When security notified her that a person who stated he was the father was there, the nurse agreed to let him in and the patient was very happy to see him. The nurse stated in her interview that she waited for the mother, but when she did not show agreed to discharge the patient to the fathers care. The nurse did not check every identification from the father that acknowledged he was in fact the patients father.While the nurse did not have a specific hospital policy to adhere regarding discharge of a patient, there was no special effort on the part of the nurse to contact the mother per her report. Had there been notification on the patient chart regarding custody or a phone number the nurse could have easily verified information and not let the patient leave or gotten the mothers approval for discharge. The nurse adequately took care of the patient during her time in the nurses care, however her choice to discharge the patient home without the mother was a lag in judgment ca using an fallacy that could have probablely harmed the patient.Security A security incumbent at a hospital has umpteen responsibilities and depending on the ineluctably of the hospital those duties may vary. Overall the officer is supposed to salvage daily reports regarding the activities and disturbances (if either) that occur during his serving period, checks lights, warning device system, windows, doors, and gates, gives access to family members to see their patients, responds to any fire alarms, violent patients, and assists with helicopter landings (Sandhyarani, Ningthoujam, 2011). The security officer at Nightingale Hospital was responsible for bringing the father of the patient to the post-op care area to equal the patient, as fountainhead as responding to the code pink and notifying law enforcement of the abduction. The officer expressed concern over the delay in time of reporting the abduction when in fact, the nurse was asleep that the mother did not know the child had been discha rged. The officer had an idea for using the same alarm coded bands used in the OB department with any pediatric patient and placing sensors around the hospital.It is great that he is thinking of overboldborn ways to help improve the system from a security standpoint. The officer responded to the situation quickly and efficiently using the information and picks he had operational at the time. In the end the child was found and he therefore performed his duty quickly and efficiently. Surgeon The sawboness responsibilities embroil ensuring that the patient is a good shadowdidate for surgery, preparing the parents and patients for surgery, performing the surgery, overseeing the patients care post surgery. The urgeon who worked on the patient at Nightingale Hospital stated that he is the 1 ENT physician at the hospital. That implies he is very good at what he does. He stated that his office had records that state the mother is the primary custody holder of the patient and that the hospital did not get those records. While the hospital could have obtained the records, simply adding the question to the registration process would rectify the situation. The surgeon is very angry that this contingency occurred and he does have a right as this is his patient and if these things continue to happen he depart not have patients.The surgeon role is the overseer of the patients care before, during and after surgery. The surgeon completed the surgery and care of the patient as part of his job. Chief Nursing Officer This person is responsible for in effect(p) about anything that happens in the hospital from a nursing standpoint. This means that anything that is going right or malign they deal with. The officer usually sits on many different delegations to help with improving and maintaining faculty education, competence, patient safeguard, and hospital centering.The officer was not involved in the ticker event, however it lead be her responsibility to form commit tee, to complete the documentation, and to break dance a way to ensure the event does not happen again. Barriers There are many different barriers that bath impede effective interactions among people. These include physical, emotional, communication, expression and heathenish barriers (Ivanov, Tatyana, n. d). Physical barriers include demand of the nurses jobs including be short-change staffed, time constraints, technology, and unable to do face to face hand off reports. Emotional barriers include stereotyping, fear, anger, frustration, and mistrust.Communication barriers end encompass all the types of barriers. This barrier inhibits peoples ability to speak so that others apprehend, not all the information is given, and an inability to fully listen to what is said. Language and Cultural barriers include not cosmos able to understand someone due to an accent, different meanings of oral communication when translated from one language to another, and not understanding or res pecting cultural views or practices. In this situation all of the staff experienced some form of barrier during the course of the patients visit. The biggest barriers appear to be communication and emotional barriers.A lack of proper hand-off report from one staff member to the next and nurses who appeared to belief overwhelmed and unsure of themselves or what to do next contributed to the patient being discharged to the wrong parent. Ways to settle the presence of barriers and improve the staff interactions include a standardized hand off report, decreasing use of stinkpott or slang, giving by the way feedback, decreasing physical barriers and talking in person, and learning about other cultures (Neusom, Ruby, n. d. ). Knowledge is power and the to a greater extent the staff knows the expose equipped they exit be to identify and handle barriers as they deck out.Getting a team of nurses together from nonuple departments to help develop a standardized hand off report for sta ff impart ensure that important information is passed on and not missed. In this report, staff moldiness relay vital information for that patient as well as give report in person so that technology and language are not barriers. This leave behind allow the staff to work together to improve their areas and it allows them to take ownership of the project, meaning they will be more likely to utilize the hand off process in the approaching.Another way to improve interactions is to include barriers as a topic of education in the yearly attempt management education that staff completes each year. By helping staff to see and identify potential barriers they can hopefully prevent them from impeding patient care in the future. Quality progression Method The attribute improvement is a concept that not only hospitals but companies all over the world have been using for a very long time. Quality improvement is the process of looking forrard and backward at corporation, process, policy, and/or safety. It is simply the process of making things better or improving them.It can be done to correct something that went wrong or used to prevent something bad from happening in the future. The mode the Nightingale hospital needs to utilize is the FADE method. Focus, analyze, develop, and execute/ try (Wiseman, Beau and Kaprielian, Victoria S, 2005). While there are many different deterrent examples functional in the business world today, they all have the park theme of analysis, fulfilation and reviewing. Different businesses tend to have different needs and therefore no model is better than another. The FADE model is helpful to the hospitals root cause analysis as it gives advocate and direction.The reason this model was chosen was because of the ease of use, the detailed direction and instruction, and the completeness of the model. This model allows the staff or committees to look at all angles of the situation and work to improve it. It is a complicated model not a basic simple one, which gives better instruction. The first step of FADE is to focus. This means the hospital needs to identify a line within the hospital and write a problem statement to help narrow down what is being looked at. The genuine break through is how to prevent child abductions within the hospital.While the OR is where the current event happened, it can easily become an issue for other areas of the hospital who care for children. The next step is to analyze the entropy and determine powerful factors. This means the hospital will need to compile lists of what information is important to this case and what information is not. Collect any data about patterns and things that twist the outcomes or contribute to the problem or resoluteness. This is the time for the hospital to respect what went wrong that lead to the child being discharged to a person that potentially could have not been the childs relative.The more data that is cumulateed and analyzed the better un derstanding and better outcome the hospital can hope for in fixing the problem. The third step is to develop a invent of action. After gathering and reviewing all the information provided regarding the issue at hand. The hospital moldiness develop a think that helps to crystalize the problem. This is the time when getting people from multiple departments and areas of the hospital will be important as each area will have a different view point that may help develop a plan that works for the majority of the people.During this make up not only does a plan need to be made but also be after to implement the plan. New policies and procedures cannot be implemented over night and expect all staff to agree and utilize it. All staff moldiness complete proper education regarding the new plan before it can be put into use. For the hospital a plan needs to be developed that includes the stimulus of security, OR staff, ER staff, OB staff, radiology, and electric pig. As multiple areas o f the hospital will be affected by the new plan for pediatric patients, all those functional with them should be included in the supply process.Once a plan is developed to prevent child abduction from happening again, education of all staff will be required. The last step in the quality improvement method is execute and evaluation. After staff has been effectuateed it is time to put the plan into action. This is the time when committees will need to be organized to continue to evaluate and monitor the progress of the plan, keep records of the strike the plan has, and most important execute the plan. As time passes the committees will need to continue to evaluate the plan for success.If it is successful then move monitoring is all that is needed. If the plan is not successful then the quality improvement methods starts again. It is during this phase that the hospital will need to ensure that every aspect of the plan is in place in a timely path so that it can be properly evalu ated. In this stage maintenance of the equipment and technologies will need to be completed as well as any minor ad sightlyments to the plan that need to be made to better serve the accurate staff and ensure the safety of the pediatric patients.Overall quality improvement is vital to patient safety and necessary for the continued advancement and improvement of patient care. By utilizing this method the hospital will be able to complete a essential root cause analysis that focuses, analyzes, develops, executes and evaluates the success and failure of the hospital. The joint Commission requires that all observation post events be reported and that the hospital develop a reason and solution to the problem. This method allows the hospital to follow Joint Commission Standards ensuring they keep their Joint Commission Accreditation.Corrective Action Plan The development of jeopardy management officers and committees started when typesetters cases and insurance premiums began to rise . The goal of these people was to establish guidelines in which to help reduce and prevent errors, increase safety, and decrease financial loss. While the committees work daily to accomplish these things by utilizing a process of identifying, analyzing, treating and controlling, and evaluating (Chubb Healthcare, n. d. ), it is important to note that all staff must take an active role in find management to ensure the hospital maintains its high standards of care.It is the responsibility of all staff to identify areas of concern and report to the happen management committee so that changes can be made. Annual education of all staff is required on this subject to ensure that everyone is doing all they can to decrease fortune. A thorough risk management program includes policies and procedures on the running of a risk management committee as well as maintenance and changes to the companys policies and procedures to ensure compliance and proper utilization. It also has formal incident reporting, tracking and trends, and staff education.These are the basics of a very complex program that helps to decrease risk in the hospital setting. The areas that need to be changed and addressed in regards to the Nightingale Hospital is the area of policies and procedures that are ascribe to patient safety. In ensuring patient safety the hospital can decrease the occurrence of lawsuits, decrease insurance costs, and increase staff awareness. While the risk management committee will be doing much of the initial review of the incident and changes to the policies, other committees and staff must be included in the change process.These imaginativenesss include quality assurance, administration, safety and security, legal, and nurses, physicians, and other ancillary staff. The risk management committee should be reviewing the hospitals policies and procedures on a routine basis, at least annually, to look for areas of improvement, compliance with Joint Commission standards, and changes in healthcare advancements that therefore make the policies outdated. This area of the risk management program is intelligibly not being followed if there is no policy or procedure in place to prevent child abductions from happening in areas outside(a) of the OB department.The risk management committee needs to address this lapse in protocol by taking five simple steps. low a review of the incident that happened, second gathering resourcefulnesss to help gain insight into the different areas of the hospital, third developing a new hospital policy, fourth implementing the policy and educating staff, and lastly reviewing the policy on a annual basis to ensure compliance and monitor the need for improvement (Chubb Healthcare, n. d. ). In doing these steps the risk management committee can decrease the potential for child abductions in the hospital.First the committee must review the formal incident report, looking at the who, what, where, when, why, and how of the situatio n. Review any prior claims, patient complaints, staff complaints, and quality assurance reports (Chubb Healthcare, n. d. ). These allow the risk team to identify the problem and start to pinpoint the areas that need changing. The risk committee will need to work closely with the quality assurance committee, who likely have already gathered much of this information.They also will be a resource with regards to the requirements of the Joint Commission standards and be able to help identify any missteps that are resulting in non-compliance. This step needs to be completed in a timely manner, the longer it takes to get the information the longer it will take to get a new policy in place. The risk committee should set a deadline of no more than one calendar month to complete this step. It is more likely that the committee could complete this step in two calendar weeks but as many members may be running(a) on other projects at the time, the committee will be allowed one month to complete this step.Next the risk management committee must represent with the different resources available to discuss the changes that need to be made to patient ensure safety. During this time the committee will hear from the legal department, safety and security department, staff from all areas of the hospital, and administrative staff. The point of this step is to gather as many ideas for change and improvement as possible from as many different aspects. As child abduction prevention is not just securitys responsibility it will be important to understand what all staff can do (CNA, 2006).The legal department will be able to give feedback on what the hospital can and cannot do to ensure that the hospital does not develop a potential lawsuit from the new policy or lack of any previous policies. The safety and security department will be a huge resource for the risk committee as their job is to ensure that everyone stays safe. The new policy will greatly impact the security department as they will be required to potentially perform code pink drills, research and obtain new monitoring and sensor equipment or even increase staff levels to accommodate the increased security measures.Ensuring that the safety and security department is working closely with the risk committee will be key to ensuring a policy that is beneficial to everyone. The administrative staff amour will be important as they will be looking at the information from a corporate standpoint. Their input on the policy will be centered on what is best for the hospital and how it ties into the set and standards of the corporation as a whole. They also will know budgets available for changes that need to be made to staff or security systems.The administrative resource is important because they look at the whole picture. The last resource that the risk committee will be utilizing is the staff, both clinical and non-clinical staff. This includes input from physicians, nurses, maintenance, environmental, techn ical support, and volunteers. These are the front line defenders when an abduction happens. These are the staff members that are present when it happens. Their input is key to being able to ensure that a new policy will help prevent any future abduction.As these staff live the day-to-day responsibilities of caring for patients, their suggestions and points of view are important. as well by having staff involved in the planning process they will be more likely to adopt the new policy and follow it, because it will make sense to them and fit into their needs for the hospital. By utilizing all these different resources a proper policy can then be developed. This step should only take two weeks to complete. Taking longer may cause delay in development of the policy that is needed.The thirds step is to develop the new hospital policy utilizing all the information gathered from the sentinel event, quality assurance committee, and the hospital resources. The new policy must meet Joint Com mission requirements for standards of care and safety of patients, as well as the hospitals needs (Chubb Healthcare, n. d. ). During this time, research for any new technology or materials to implement the new policy must be completed and quotes for pricing submitted to administration for approval. When the risk committee writes the new policy it must be compose in a way that everyone can understand.This step should take no more than one month to complete. The committee should spend a week reviewing all the notes and information gathered from the first two steps, then one week gathering the pricing information needed to implement the plan and then two weeks to have a completed policy. Everyone on the committee and in administration must be aware of these deadlines so that the policy can be implemented in a timely manner and all approvals completed in the appropriate deadlines. Next, the risk committee must ensure the staff is educated on the new policy and implement the policy.Live classes and computer-based learning will be important to educate all staff in the hospital on the new policy, technologies, and equipment (CNA, 2006). It is during this time that any new technology, forms, or other materials must be installed, printed, and dispersed so that when procreation is completed it will be ready for staff to use. This includes but is not limited to new forms for registration, new matching armbands for the children and parents, sensors around the hospital that connect with the sensors in the armbands of the children, increased security staffing, etc.This step may take up to two months to complete depending on the ability of the committees to get the materials needed for training as well as materials installed and dispersed. Lastly the risk committee must continue to monitor the policy and compliance for any issues that may arise and make changes accordingly. It is recommended that with any new policy the risk committee monitor progress, compliance, and whet her it is working or not by compiling risk reports on code pinks or other child safety reports as indicated in the policy monthly for the first year.As the hospital becomes more comfortable with the policy and it is changed to fit the needs of the hospital, and the policy has not been changed for six months the policy can go into the yearly review area. The quality assurance committee can then continue to monitor the policy for compliance, impact, and maintenance. This last step can take up to a year, if not longer to complete depending on the needs of the hospital. Conclusion In the end a child being abducted whether by a parent who does not have custody or by a stranger is an emotionally trying experience for any parent as well as the child.All measures must be taken to ensure that the sentinel event does not occur again. By working with the quality assurance committee to utilize FADE (focus, analyze, develop, execute/evaluate), the risk management committee to create a new hospit al policy, and the entire hospital staff, this will hopefully never happen again. While there are always legal and financial issues involved when something happens to a patient to compromise their safety, care, or well being, it is important that the hospital learns from these mistakes and takes action to correct them for the future.

A brief history of science education in ghana from the colonial era to present day Essay

wisdom in variationation is the cultivation and disciplining the mind and other faculties of an individual to give wisdom for change his life, cope with an increasely technological world, or travel along scientific discipline academic completelyy and profession all(prenominal)y, and for dealing responsibly with cognizance related mixer issues (Akpan, 1992). Ghana, formerly kn profess as the bullion sea-coast, was the first-class honours degree Afri stop verdant to the mho of the Sahara to gain political independence from colonial rule in 1957.This former British colony of 92,000 squ ar miles (about 238,000 square kilometers) shares boundaries with three communicative nations the Cote dIvoire to the west, Burkina Faso to the north and Togo to the east. The Gulf of Guinea of the Atlantic Ocean is to the south of the arena. EARLY HISTORY OF EDUCATION BEFORE INDEPENDENCE As was the racing shell in many colonies during the primaeval colonial period, the main goal of fo sterage was to put one across civilization march hand-in-hand with evangelization (Anum Odoom, 2013). This statement gives a clear interpretation of how precept in Ghana was implemented at that time.The formal, western-style upbringing in Ghana is directly associated with the history of European activities on the Gold Coast The Portuguese were the first Europeans to arrive at the Guinea coast in 1471. Their intention to establish schools was expressed in imperial instruction manual that, in 1529, encouraged the Governor of the Portuguese Castle at Elmina to teach reading, writing, and the Catholic religion to the people. It is imply proven that the Danish, Dutch and the English merchants also come down up schools in their forts and castle to educate their mulatto nestlingren by native women. unco linked to the implementation of formal pedagogics in Ghana with the Christian missionaries, who realized that in order to spread the word of God, they needed substantially- better local assistants. Following the consolidation of the coastal region as the British Gold Coast Colony, the administration became more aggressive in seeking of its instructional policy. This was precipitated by the British purchase of the Danish property at Christiansborg in 1850 and the Dutch Elmina Castle in 1872.To help redress line of works set about by the mission schoolssuch as prepare local teachers and improving the quality of culturethe administration made grants to both the Wesleyan and Basel missions in 1874. In the upbringingal Ordinance of 1882, government grants to denominational schools were made drug-addicted on an assessment of the level of efficiency. The schools receiving grant-in-aid were defined as government assist schools, but their first-string funding was to come from the missions themselves and from other private sources. On the Gold Coast, the appointment of Brigadier General Gordon Guggisberg as governor brought its own advantages.During his tenur e from 1919 by means of 1927, Governor Guggisberg initiated several major developmental programs that include educational improvements as a critical ingredient in his verbalism of a modern Gold Coast. While the previous administration had seen the homework of elementary schools by the various Christian missions as adequate, Guggisberg was of the conviction that the fresh formation could not sustain future developments. In fact, only a few months after his arrival, the governor presented a 10- di wad development plan for the Gold Coast.Among other things, funding was aggressively sought for provide elementary education for boys and girls. Even though the administration proposed a technical college for Accra, the Prince of Wales College (now Achimota College) was the real swag of the administrations educational program. This non denominational school catered for students from kindergarten to the pre university level. THE BIRTH OF perception EDUCATION The inadequacies inherent in the dodging of education were observed in the post-World War I appeal made by the Foreign Missions host of North America to the Phelps-Stokes Funds for a review of the state of education in Africa.The Phelps-Stokes Commission on Africa issued reports in 1922 and 1925 in which educators were criticized for littlely ply to the social and economic needs of the continent. The commission of which James Emman Kwegyir Aggrey was a member, called for instructions in the mechanical operations necessary for the improvement of the condition of the muss majority of the people. This included information education and character training. The Phelps-Stokes funds founded in 1920, is an African reproduction Commission correspond one of the early attempts to link black Africa with Negro America.The attempt to forge this link represented a concerted policy on the incision of a topic of missionary and philanthropic groups in the United Kingdom and the United States to wee-wee attention to what seemed to be analogous situations-politically, socially, and economically. Ghana is said to be the first independent sub-Saharan African country outside South Africa to go in on a comprehensive drive to promote science education and the application of science in industrial and social development (Anamuah-Mensah, 1999). skill Education after IndependenceAfter Phelps- stokes commission had pushed for the birth of science education in Africa in general and in particular, Gold Coast, there has not been any clear cut national policy for science education in Ghana up to date (Ahmed, 2013). Dr Kwame Nkrumah who aimed at achieving sinless Compulsory Universal Basic Education instituted an Act called 1961 Act, (Act 87) . This Act was to make Basic education free and Compulsory and anyone who fails to send his or her child to school was made to pay a fund by the minister of religion for education.The education system at that point consisted of six year of primary education, followe d by four-years of secondary education. At the end of the four years desirable students went on to do a two-year sixth form drift that could lead to a three year University course. Students, who were not suitable to continue, finished two- year of pre-vocational classes. The Nkrumah government encouraged the skill of science by instituting a special scholarship scheme which enabled science and agriculture undergraduates to enjoy scholarships a little higher than those of their counterparts in the humanities. This facility was withdrawn after 1966. learning and mathematics teachers were also paid a little more than their colleagues in the humanities. (Djangmah, 2007) The Reforms The seven year development plan instituted by Dr. Kwame Nkrumah was short lived. The system was later regarded as too long and too academic. Thus Dzobo Education Reforms of 1974 saw a reform of the system, instating the secondary Secondary School (now Junior High School) on an experimental basis. The Jun ior Secondary School introduced applicative subjects and activities allowing students to acquire occupational skills, which after an apprenticeship lead to the qualification for self-employment.Due to a wide range of factors such as the economic decline, bureaucracy and switch off lack of interest the JSS-system neer went beyond the experimental phase. By 1983 the education system was in a state of crisis. It faced drastic reductions in Government financing, lack of educational naturals, and deterioration of school structures, low enrolment levels and high dropout rates. With the assistance of several development partners (World Bank, Department for multinational developing (ODA) and international grants) the education system was reviewed and proposals were implemented in 1987 know as Evans-Anfom reforms.In 1987, Ghanas Ministry of Education introduced a restructured educational system that gradually replaced the British-based O-level and A-level system. The transition was co mpleted in June, 1996, when the closing curtain class took A-level exams. The last O-level exams were administered in June 1994, although a remedial exam was offered through 1999 (Keteku, 2013) The 1987 Reforms had strengths as well as weaknesses. One of the strengths was that it provided a comprehensive Basic Education which improve access to education for more children of school-going age.Junior Secondary Schools were provided throughout the country and this helped to increase literacy levels. The reform also introduced Continuous Assessment which formed part of the concluding examination. This ensured that internal assessment in schools was included in the final examinations and this ended the single-shot examination existing in the old system. The Anamuah-Mensah Report recommended kindred structure of education just like the Evans-Anfom Report of 1986.The difference was the cellular inclusion of two (2) years of Kindergarten education as part of Basic Education and Apprentic eship training for leavers of the Junior Secondary School who unable to or do not want to continue in the formal sector. The implementation of the Anamuah-Mensah Reforms began in family line 2007, and it was faced with initial problems. These problems included delay in the issue of syllabuses and textbooks for the smooth take-off of the programme, and teachers were not adequately prepared in terms of training to implement the reforms.These problems were later dealt with as the implementation of the reforms progressed. The next major problem being anticipated is the inadequate classrooms and other facilities as students will give in the fourth year of Senior High School in September 2010. The Way Forward For Science Education Promotion of science education in the country will depend on three drivers of change, namely, funding, program line and interventions, and inquiry (Akyeampong ,2007) Funding Knowledge is not cheap. Science, engineering science and mathematics fellowship required to move the country into the knowledge society can never be cheap.Governments commitment to science education should be demonstrated in the level of resources allocated to science and technology. Laboratories and workshops in the schools, teacher training colleges, universities and polytechnics should be well equipped and new ones constructed to take into consideration the increasing student population. Research The knowledge society thrives on the creation of new knowledge. Research provides the means by which new knowledge is created. Resources, both material and human, for research in science and technology are woefully inadequate or non-existent.This has had a profound effect on the development of post graduate research in the universities. A number of measures need to be taken to strengthen research in science and technology in order to meet the demands of the country. The following are being suggested Research in research institutions and the universities should be ad equately funded. Most researches carried out in the universities are those that interest the researchers and are hence supply-driven the Government should challenge our scientists and provide funds to scarper out research on problems confronting the country.This can be make through the provision of research funds to be competed for by all scientists in the country. Establish a content Science Research Facilities heart and soul equipped with world class specialized facilities which are normally dear(predicate) and therefore beyond the means of single institutions, to provide opportunities for Ghanaian researchers to carry out scientific research and development and retain local researchers as well as attract foreign ones. To improve the quality of science education at all levels, research in science and technology should include research on teaching and learning science, technology and mathematics. base special awards for best researchers and science teachers. This could be ter med the Presidents grant for Science to be given up annually. We need to celebrate achievement. Set up a formal scheme for mentoring the Youth- This is critical to the development of a vocation path in science for the youth. Mentors excite interest in younger colleagues and help them to walk the path. This experience is however rare in the universities. These days, newly recruited scientists struggle to keep afloat with little or no support.A formal mentoring system should be naturalised in all institutions to ensure that young scientists recruited into the universities or research institutions are attached to professors and ranking(prenominal) scientists in their fields of study to receive advice and support. The mentoring can take the form of joint research, publications and presentations at conferences and seminars. To raise the level of awareness of science and technology innovation (research) and foster a synergy among education, industry and research institutes, a projec t referred to as SMARTMOVES in some countries should be established in secondary schools. This project will involve encouraging schools through visits, presentations and seminars to work on problem solving projects with support from the community. The projects will be assessed and students with innovative and creative projects will be invited to present their projects at a Junior Scientist Conference which will be attended by major(postnominal) scientists who can later act as mentors for the students. Prizes will be given to students based on the quality of project and presentation.The Ghana Academy of Science and Arts can take up this. Conclusion The vision of the National Science and engineering policy is to support national socio-economic development goals with a view to lifting Ghana to a middle income status by the year 2020 through the perpetuation of a science and technology culture at all the levels of society, which is driven by the promotion of innovation and the mastery of known and proven technologies and their application in industry, and other sectors of the economy. (MEST, 2000)This vision can become a reality when science education is given a boost at all levels of education. It has been suggested that the promotion of science education hinges on three pillars funding, teaching and intervention, and research. Without adequate funding, quality teachers, supportive intervention activities and research to illuminate our understanding, science education will have no intrusion on the everyday lives of Ghanaians and the observation made by the National teaching Planning Commission will remain true.Our national vision for science and technology will be therefore be meaningless. REFERENCES Ahmed, M. (2012). Ghana to first appearance National Science policy. Retrieved 4th October, 2013, from http//www. ghanaweb. com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel. php? ID=235350. Akpan, O. E. (1992) Toward Creative Science teaching and learning in West African school. Ghana catholic Press Akyeampong, K. (Centre for International Education, University of Sussex, England) in his lecture on 50 Years of Educational keep and Challenge in Ghana, at Parliament House, London, England 2007 Anamuah-Mensah, J.(1999). Science and Technology Education in Ghana. A paper delivered at the National education Forum on the theme Towards Sustaining an Effective National Education System, held at the Accra International Conference Centre, Accra, 17-19th November. Anum-Odoom, A. K. M . Educational Reforms in Ghana, 1974-2007. Retrieved on 12th October, 2013, from http//www. ghanaweb. com/GhanaHomePage/blogs/blog. article. php? blog=2091&ID=1000004125- Djangmah, J. S.Clarifying Ghanas national vision for the application of science and technology to development. Retrieved on 12th October, 2013, from http//www. ghanansem. org/index. php? option=com_content& labor movement=view&id=234 Keteku, N. W (EDUCATIONAL REFORM IN GHANA THE SENIOR auxiliary SCHOOL). Retrie ved 10th October, 2013, from http//www. bibl. u-szeged. hu/oseas_adsec/ghana. htm Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology (MEST) (2000). National Science and Technology Policy Document. Accra MEST.

The First Appendectomy

Celeste Chen Ms. Filowitz Language Arts 1 (Pre-IB) Period 5 7 September 2012 Writing Assignment 1 Authors go down When composing a literary selection, an author has a point he or she wants to put across. There is a purpose, whether it be of the conscious or subconscious mind, almost every time an author set ups. In Dr. Nolens case, he crafted this selection, The First Appendectomy, to propound the indorser of the challenges of a vernal surgeon.To begin with, it is shown in many different ways that Dr. Nolen wanted to declare his reader of the issues a young doctor faces. Dr. Nolen writes with an urgency and a reason of a ticking clock, as shown in his frequent usage of measurements of time. He could have tied off all the vessels in two minutes. It took me twenty. (149) Therefore, the reader can infer from the selection, that the work of a surgeon is difficult and stressful, as a surgeon is racing against time as he or she is operating.The dangers of going over time are promi nent enough to extinguish much needed confidence, for an efficient surgery, from the heart of an amateur. Dr. Nolen wants to inform the reader on the challenges a young surgeon faces, such as forgetting how to perform a certain task, stressing over how much time is left and trying to happen upon a senior advisor. Dr. Nolen forgets how to perform this simple appendectomy. for the life of me could not decide where to make the incision. (147) It is apparent, that Dr. Nolen wanted to exhibit the obstacles of a first-time surgeon. Having a purpose to compose a selection is very important for an author, for it sets the tone of the piece. Dr. Nolen decided to inform readers on how a young surgeon struggles in his first surgery. many another(prenominal) people do not quite realize how stressful and nerve-racking a surgery can be, and Dr. Nolen writes this piece to show to the public just now that.

Economics Essay

Economics is examineed as one of the earliest and arguably some essential of the social intuitions. While not exactly a science as the term science is widely known as today, there are similarities that allow for its classification as a social science. one and only(a) of these similarities lies in the roles that economists play as social advisors vis-a-vis the role of scientists. As a insurance insurance insurance advisor, an economist is expected to make reliable predictions and forecasts with regard to the policies to be instituted.Since the expectation is that of reliability, there is a large amount of precision required which is similar to that of the scientific method employed by scientists. The office of the null and test hypothesis as a scientists has an application for policy advisors in coming up with these forecasts. No policy advisor go off make any suggestion without any empirical data or figures in the same way that no scientist will present a dissertation with out any evidence.While these may make the roles as policy advisors and scientists similar to a certain(prenominal) extent, there are also differences depending on the situation the economist is placed in. As a policy advisor, an economist is expected to present reliable information in order to support in the formulation and implementation of policies, while these may have a certain amount of scientific evidence (so to speak), there is a certain reality check which takes place that demands that the economist take the most viable option.The most scientifically correct approach may not of all time be the most viable option and this is what an economist must steal with when taking on the role of a policy advisor as opposed to when an economist takes on the role of a scientist in policy making, which more often than not entails that only the facts be presented in a scholarly manner without particular attention to its viability under different constraints.

Era of Good Feelings Dbq

During the geological era of Good Feelings, Nationalism and Sectionalism were both evident. However, sectionalism was the most important ca practice of disagreement within the country with the contestation over minutes admission as a buckle down state, and the different views toward states rights throughout various sections of the country. When Missouri applied to become pause of the amount, they insisted on being a slave state. This upset the northeast payable to their interest in a balance of power.The Missouri Compromise was enacted with the attend of Henry Clay in order to come to a decision to the political arguments between the sexual union and South. It stated that in order for Missouri to be accepted as a slave state, Maine would come into the union as a free state. Also, slavery wasnt to be permitted north of latitude 36? 30. The coherent retired Thomas Jefferson expressed his solicitude to the happenings in American government by comparing the sectional dis con sonance to a fire bell in the night that awaked and filled me with terror. (Document G) John Quincy Adams withal stated that If the union must be dissolved, slavery is precisely the suspicion upon which it ought to break. (Document F) By simply drawing a line to determine boundaries of slavery, it was fateful that neither side would be completely satisfied in the long run. Sectionalism was also evident through economical differences between the North and South. The Souths growing agricultural society relied heavily on slavery.Inventions much(prenominal) as Eli Whitneys cotton gin increased merchandise of cotton vastly, and in return brought more slaves. In the North however, sedulousness was the main priority. Many goods were manufactured in the North and transferred to the South for use in fields. When the Tariff of 1816 which taxed goods manufactured in the North was passed, nearly totally southerners voted against it (Document H. As disagreements arose, the idea of sectio nalism continued to expand. The so called Era of Good Feelings faced problems of factional disagreements.Sectional divisions were merely covered up by the unity of political parties during Monroes presidency. Although the parties seemed united, Eastern republicans disagreed with the idea of internal improvements, which was a astronomic part of Henry Clays American System. On the new(prenominal) hand, John C. Calhoun supported the idea of internal improvements (Document D), but later became a leading advocate for states rights. Also, the Election of 1824 caused the Democratic Republican Party to splinter.John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson were both members f the same party, but ran against all(prenominal) other due to disagreements based on their different sectional interests such as their view on protective tariffs. This destroyed the sense of discipline unity amongst the government, thus further establishing sectionalism. In closing, although the Era of Good Feelings seemed to be as era of national unity, the opposite was proven true. Examples such as the Missouri disagreements and the separation of the Democratic Republican party prove that sectionalism was evident. The difference of economic beliefs of the North and South ensured further conflict in the future.

Counseling Liza

Joe understands lizas theme or article of faith that she has a problem with her boyfriend. It is not a livelihood theme sightedness as Lizas problems with her boyfriend are recent and current events. Besides, the frustration that she feels is her moodiness in the face of the problematic situation. However, if Liza expresses the belief that all told men are obnoxious, Joe may rightfully conclude that it is a life theme that his client is expressing and that, in fact, she is having a problem with her boyfriend because of a core belief.In order to deal with Lizas stuck human body of retell the same story about her problem with her boyfriend, Joe should use both culture and hypothesizing in his counseling sessions with Liza. It is clear that Liza would like to find a way out of her problem with her boyfriend. Regardless of whether she would like to continue her alliance with her boyfriend or not, Joe should provide his client with literature concerned with her incident patterns .Bibliotherapy in the area of relationship patterns should help Liza understand her aver patterns. Furthermore, Joe should complement the education with hypothesizing by claiming questions that would allow Liza to verbalise her mind and thereby understand her situation better. To allow Liza to hypothesize, Joe should ask her questions after she has spoken her automatic thoughts.If Liza claims about her boyfriend, He unendingly does that, referring to problem behavior on the severalize of her boyfriend Joe should follow up with the question, Why do you think he does that? Such questions would allow Liza to truly understand the situation that she is faced with. Moreover, her education as part of the therapeutic process would add to her insight, allowing her to eventually leave the problem pattern that she must work her way out of with the help of the counselor.

College Uneducation Essay

I wish to speak on College Un tuition fee. Is it possible that our college groomingmay uneducate earlier than educate? I answer Yes. It is a paradox but up to now the truththe grim, unmerciful truth. We all believe in superiorer(prenominal) education else we should not be in the University. At the same while, college education exchangeable all other piece devices for human bettermentmay make believe or destroy, lead, or mislead. My ten years humble service in the University of the Philippines has afforded me an opportunity to watch the current of ideals and practices of our student body.In round aspects of higher education, most of our students have measured up to their high responsibilities. But in other featuresalas, vital ones the thoughts and actions of many of them tend to stunt the mind, dry up the heart, and quench the soul. These students argon being uneducated in college. I shall short discussthree ways in which many of our students are getting college uneducati on, for which they pay tuition fees and make unnumbered sacrifices. Book Worship In the first place, at that place is the all but delirious worship of the printed page.What does the book say? is, by all odds, the most important question in the students mind whenever he is faced with any problem calling for his suffer reasoning. By the same token, may students feel a sort of furore for facts till these become as huge as the mountains and the mind is broken under them. Those students think of nothing but how to accumulate data hence, their power for clear and powerful thinking is paralyzed. How pathetic to hear them argue and discussBecause they lack the native vitality of unhampered reason, their discourse smacks of cant and edification rather than of healthy reasoning and straight thinking. It is thus that many of our students free fall their individuality to the textbook and lose their birthrightwhich is to think for themselves. And when they attempt to micturate their own judgment, they become pedantic. Unless a student develops the habit of independent and live on reasoning, his college education is a solemn sham. Compare these hair-splitting college students with Juan de la Cruz in the barrios.Now, Juan de la Cruz has read very little no undigested mass of scholarship dulls the edge of his inborn logic, his mind is free from the overwhelming, stultifying weight of unassimilated book knowledge. How astute his perception, how unerring his judgment, how solid his common sense He contemptuously refers to the acquire sophists, thus Lumabis ang karunungan mo, which means, Your learning is too much. Professional Philistinism The second room of college uneducation that I want to speak of is this most students make lord capacity the be-all and end-all of college education.They have set their hearts upon becoming highly trained lawyers, doctors, engineers, teachers, and agriculturists. I shall not stop to inquire into the question of how much blame should be laid at the door of the faculties of the University for this pernicious drift toward undue and unjustified specialization. That such a tendency exists is undeniable, but we never pause to count, the make up We are all of one mind I believe that college education is nothing unless it widens a mans vision, broadens his sympathies, and leads him to higher thinking and deep feeling.Yet how can we expect a this endpoint from a country of affairs which reduces a law student to a code, a prospective doctor to a prescription, and a would-be engineer to a numerical enactment? How many students in our professional colleges are doing any regular reading in literature? May we not, indeed, seriously ask whether this fetish of specialization does not smother the inspiring sense of beauty and the ennobling screw of finer things that our students have it in them to unfold into full-blown magnificence. The Jading dullness of Modern Life A thing of beauty is a triumph forever,say s Keats.But we know that beauty us a matter of discernment and, unless we develop in us a proper appreciation of what is well-favored and sublime, everything around us is tedious and commonplace. We rise early and go let on into, but our spirit is responsive to the hopeful quietude and the dew-chastened sweetness of dawn. At night we behold the myriad stars, but they are just so many bright speckstheir soft fires do not soothe our dissipated hearts, and we do not experience that awesome, soul stirring fascination of theimmense ties of beau ideals universe. We are bathed in the silver sheen of the moon and to that degree feel not the beatitude of the moment.We gaze upon a vista of high mountains, but their silent strength has no appeal for us. We read some undying verses still, their vibrant cadence does not thrill us, and their transcendent though is to us like a vision that vanishes. We look at a masterpiece of the chisel with its eternal gracefulness of lines and properties, yet to us it is no more than a mere human likeness. Tell me, is such a career worth coming to college for? Yet, my friends, the overspecialization which many students pursue with zeal and devotion is outpouring to result in such an unfeeling, dry-as-dust existence.I may say in passing that the education of the older generation is in this respect furthermost superior to ours. Our older countrymen say, with reason, that the new education does not lawfully domesticize the heart as the old education did. Misguided Zeal Lastly, this very(prenominal) rage for highly specialized training, with a view to distinguished professional success, beclouds our vision of the broader perspectives of sustenance. Our philosophy of life is in danger of becoming particularize and mean because we are habituated to think almost wholly in cost of material wellbeing.Of course we must be practical. We cannot adequately answer this marvelous question unless we thoughtfully develop a proper sense of value and thus learn to separate the dross from the gold, the chaff from the grain of life. The time to do this task is not after but before college graduation for, when all is said and done, the sum and substance of higher education is the individual readying of what life is for, with special training in some advanced line of human learning in order that such a life formula may be executed with the utmost effectiveness.But how can we puzzle down the terms of our philosophy of life if every one of our thoughts is heedless by the daily assignment, the outside reading, and the laboratory experiment, and when we continuously devour lectures and notes? noncivilised Juan de la Cruz as Teacher Here, again, many of our students should sit at the feet of meagerly educated Juan de la Cruz and learn wisdom. Ah He is often called ignorant, but he is the wisest of the wise, for he has unravelled the mysteries of life. His is the happiness of the man who knows the whys of human existence.Un assuming Juan de la Cruz cherishes no Vaulting ambition which oerleaps itself. His simple and hardy virtues put to outrage the studied and complex rules of conduct of highly educated men and women. In adversity, his stoicism is beyond encomium. His love of home, so guilelessly faithful, is the firm foundation of our genial structure. And his patriotism has been tested and found true. Can our students learn from Juan de la Cruz, or does their college education unfit them to become his pupils?In conclusion, I shall say that I have observed among many of our students certain alarming signs of college uneducation, and some of these are (1) lack of independent judgment as well as love of pedantry, because of the worship of the printed page and the feverish accumulation of undigested data (2) the irksome of the delicate sense of the beautiful and the sublime, on account of overspecialization and (3) neglect of the formulation of a sound philosophy of life as a result of excessive emph asis on professional training.